来源：盘古智库
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图片来源：视觉中国
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部分“一带一路”金融合作项目因受疫情影响而陷入中止。面对疫情，中国与其他沿线国家在“一带一路”框架下创新合作机制，迎来发展新机遇。展望未来，中国可以在搭建融资平台、第三方市场合作，和提供咨询服务等方面着重推进。普惠型绿色金融将在后疫情时代的“一带一路”金融合作中发挥重要作用。
本文作者系盘古智库高级研究员、清华大学一带一路战略研究院研究员陆洋，文章中文版来源于“观中国”微信公众号，英文版来源于《中国日报》。
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“一带一路”沿线的基础设施建设和产能合作潜力伴随着巨大的资金缺口，“五通”中的“资金融通”至关重要。
“五通”是“一带一路”倡议的重要内涵，具体指：政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通。
“一带一路”建设推进7年来，金融监管体系框架已日趋完善，中国同多个沿线国家签署了本币互换安排、人民币清算安排、监管合作谅解备忘录。截至底，人民币跨境支付系统业务范围已覆盖98个国家和地区，吸引1046家金融机构参与。
图片来源：中国日报
然而，目前“一带一路”金融合作问题和挑战较多，中方大量投资仍以美元结算，人民币国际化使用仍有很大提升空间。国外的人民币存量不足，并且中国的金融基础设施建设在国外较薄弱，这也造成了推广难的问题。
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新机遇
疫情导致全球经济停摆，“一带一路”金融合作受到了严重冲击，很多发展中国家经济遭受重创，部分“一带一路”项目陷入停滞。然而新问题、新挑战也带来新的发展机遇，例如，疫情推动移动支付在全球的迅速应用，移动支付系统由于减少了现金和人际接触，在阻断病毒扩散方面发挥了重大作用。中国是较早建立移动支付系统的国家，疫情给中国相关经验的推广带来很多机会。
面对疫情，中国与“一带一路”沿线国家守望相助，同舟共济，采取了一系列金融措施，共同应对疫情影响。例如，3月，“一带一路”银行间常态化合作机制 (BRBR) 发布《支持中国等国家抗击新冠肺炎疫情的倡议》；6月，中非团结抗疫特别峰会免除了有关国家底到期对华无息贷款债务；7月，第八次中欧经贸高层对话支持“一带一路”倡议同欧盟的欧亚互联互通战略对接，进一步推进金融业双向开放。
图片来源：新华社
疫情凸显了“人类命运共同体”理念的重要性，不论是地区问题还是全球问题，都需要开展更多的国际合作来应对。近期《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》 (RCEP) 的签署不仅让人们对国际合作重拾信心，也标志着“一带一路”建设重点向区域合作转向。RCEP中金融服务附件不仅将进一步开放中国的市场，也能给中国的企业带来更多的海外发展机会。
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新动能
疫情也给“一带一路”金融合作带来新的推动力。就当前的“一带一路”金融合作状况而言，以下几个方面可以着重推进。
首先是在这一大框架下搭建“一带一路”投融资平台，促进信息的分享和交流。当前存在大量资金、项目互寻的情况，中国可以利用数字化信息技术的优势，协助搭建信息共享平台，促进海内外资金和项目的对接。
第二，中国国内的金融机构可以积极参与到第三方市场合作中去，与其他国家金融机构合作到第三国开展项目的投融资。
第三，建立专业的金融咨询服务平台，评估国别风险和行业风险，并且面向海内外企业提供金融咨询服务。
中共中央在关于制定“十四五”规划的建议中，强调了共建“一带一路”高质量发展的理念，提到了要坚持以企业为主体，以市场为导向，健全多元化投融资体系，推进战略、规划、机制的对接，加强政策、规则、标准的联通。其中，绿色和可持续发展是的重要主题，公共卫生、数字经济、科技教育是重要的合作领域。
中国的“一带一路”建设原来以大宗基建项目投资为主，未来将更多地向绿色、可持续，以及惠及民生的项目转移。展望“一带一路”金融合作的未来，普惠金融和绿色金融会在后疫情时代发挥重要作用。
Change of focus
The pandemic has generated new forces for financial cooperation under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative
Financial connectivity is one of the key cooperation areas under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative, as it lays the ground for financing all projects, services and coordination in other areas.
The framework of the financial regulatory system has been gradually improving in China, which has signed local currency swap agreements, renminbi clearing agreements and memorandums of understanding on cooperation in financial regulation with various countries.
By the end of , the Cross-Border Interbank Payment System, a cross-border renminbi payment system that China launched in , covered 98 countries and regions, attracting 1,046 financial institutions. However, when it comes to Belt and Road financial cooperation, many issues remain to be addressed.
A large amount of Chinese trade and investment is still paid for in US dollar, meaning there is much room for improvement when it comes to renminbis internationalization. The insufficient foreign stock of the renminbi and Chinas relatively weak financial infrastructure abroad has been strangling the renminbis application in global trade.
The growth of the global economy has slowed because of the pandemic, which has also severely impacted the Belt and Road financial cooperation because of project suspensions or terminations. However, opportunities for development can be born out of challenges. In the face of the ongoing pandemic, China has offered many other countries material support and cooperated with other countries on a series of financial measures to jointly address problems and challenges.
Some specific examples under the Belt and Road framework include: In March , the Belt and Road Inter-Bank Regular Cooperation Mechanism launched a proposal to support China and other countries in their fight against the novel coronavirus; in June , at the Extraordinary China-Africa Summit on Solidarity Against COVID-19, China promised to cancel the debt of relevant African countries in the form of interest-free government loans that were due by the end of ; in July , at the eighth China-EU High-level Economic and Trade Dialogue, China declared its support for aligning the Belt and Road Initiative with the European Unions Eurasia Connectivity Strategy, as well as its determination to increase openness in the area of finance.
The COVID-19 pandemic hasunderlined the importance of international cooperation in regional and global issues and the validity of building a community with a shared future for mankind as a means to jointly address global challenges.
The confidence in multilateral cooperation, which was severely affected by the United States pulling out of a number of international agreements, has been regained with the signing of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership agreement. In Chinas domestic discourse, the RCEP has triggered discussions on how to connect Chinas 21 pilot free trade zones with the agreement. The RCEP and the Belt and Road Initiative will complement each other in the future and this also marks the Belt and Road Initiatives shift toward regional cooperation.
The RCEP will further open the Chinese financial services market to foreign investors while bringing greater opportunities for Chinese companies in the region.
The COVID-19 pandemic has made it more urgent to deepen financial cooperation under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative, with the following possible areas.
First, there should be investment and financing institutions that will facilitate information sharing and exchanges under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative.
Considering the general asymmetry of information between investors and projects, it is rational to set up information-sharing platforms using advanced digital technology, promoting the linkage of funds and projects at home and abroad and providing services to select and match these funds and projects.
Second, Chinese financial institutions can be encouraged to actively engage in third-party market cooperation, specifically with foreign financial partners, and carry out financial projects in a third country.
Third, professional financial consulting service platforms that specialize in assessment of country and industry risks could be established to provide services to both domestic and overseas companies.
In the Proposals of the Communist Party of China Central Committee on Formulating the 14th Five Year Plan, the economic and social policy agenda for to 2025, high-quality joint construction of the Belt and Road is emphasized, adhering on market-oriented policies and building a diversified investment and financing system.
It conforms to Chinas new development paradigm for more sustainable and high-quality growth. During this period, China will continue to strengthen the coordination of policies, rules and standards between countries, with public health, digital economy, science and technology, and education being important areas of cooperation.
The main focus of the Belt and Road Initiative, which was originally about investment in large-scale infrastructure projects, is shifting generally to green, sustainable projects as well as services. In the post-pandemic era, inclusive and green finance will play an important role in Belt and Road financial cooperation.■
文章中文版来源于“观中国”微信公众号，英文版来源于《中国日报》
图文编辑：徐仟慧
