数据库|mysql教程
,mysql,二进制,用户
数据库-mysql教程
mysql二进制非root用户安装后启动mysqld的路径不对的问题 A、非root用户安装二进制mysql分发版 创建用户 >useradd fc >passwd fc enter password:…以fc登录，上传二进制mysql版本，我的是mysql 32位的mysql-5.1.57-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz 解压后，创建权限表 ]$ scripts/mysql_install_db –basedir=/home/fc/app/mysql –datadir=/home/fc/app/mysql/data/3307 –user=fc (注意：后面的参数一定要指定 ，另外最好是 scripts/mysql_install_db 这样一起运行，官方文档也是这样，免得出错，后面就有这个原因导致启动出错的) 权限表也初始化完了，然后就是指定配置文件f 我放在$HOME目录下：
[python] # Example MySQL config file for medium systems. ## This is for a system with little memory (32M – 64M) where MySQL plays # an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with # other programs (such as a web server) # # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of # locations which depend on the deployment platform. # You can copy this option file to one of those # locations. For information about these locations, see: # /doc/mysql/en/option-files.html # # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports. # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program # with the “–help” option. # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients [client] #password = your_password port = 3307 socket= /home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.sock # Here follows entries for some specific programs # The MySQL server [mysqld] character-set-server = utf8 port = 3307 socket= /home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.sock skip-external-locking basedir = /home/fc/app/mysql datadir = /home/fc/app/mysql/data/3307/ log-error = /home/fc/log/3307/mysqld.err pid-file = /home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.pid key_buffer_size = 16M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 64 sort_buffer_size = 512K net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 256K read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M max_connections=200 slow_query_log = 1#{0|1 off|on} slow_query_log_file = /home/fc/log/3307/mysql-slow.log long_query_time=1 #不经常更新的表查询，缓存查询 query_cache_type = 1 query_cache_size = 10M general_log = 0 general_log_file = /home/fc/log/3307/mysql.log query_cache_size = 8M #skip-networking skip-name-resolve skip-innodb-checksums# Replication Master Server (default) # binary logging is required for replication log-bin=/home/fc/log/3307/mysql-bin # binary logging format – mixed recommended binlog_format=mixed binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_cache_size = 4096M expire-logs-days = 8 sync_binlog=20 # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables innodb_data_home_dir = /home/fc/data/3307/ innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_log_group_home_dir = /home/fc/data/3307/ innodb_buffer_pool_size = 800M sort_buffer_size = 5M tmp_table_size = 64M innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 32M innodb_autoextend_increment = 64 # 默认单位为 MB innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_log_file_size = 200M innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M default-storage-engine=innodb innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size #innodb_log_file_size = 5M #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysqld_safe] log-error=/home/fc/app/mysql/log/3307/mysqld.log pid-file=/home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.pid [mysql] no-auto-rehash port = 3307 socket= /home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.sock # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL #safe-updates [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 20M sort_buffer_size = 20M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout 好了，一切都准备好了，可以启动了B、启动mysqld进程进入basedir目录fc/app/mysqlmysql]$ cd binbin]$ mysqld_safe –defaults-file=~/f &启动成功了，查看进程 ps -ef | grep mysqld 发现问题了[plain] fc 7780 7582 24 16:42 pts/10 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld –defaults-file=~/f –basedir=/home/fc/app/mysql –datadir=/home/fc/app/mysql/data/3307/ –log-error=/home/fc/app/mysql/log/3307/mysqld.log –pid-file=/home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.pid –socket=/home/fc/app/mysql/tmp/3307/mysql.sock –port=3307 发现没有，虽然进入的fc/app/mysql/bin目录下启动的mysqld程序，但是查找进程时候却是运行的/usr/lcoal/mysql下的mysqld，这是为什么呢？查找了很久的参数，都发现没有配置错误，始终不得其解，如是换了种启动方式：进入base目录fc/app/mysql mysql]$ bin/msyqld_safe –defaults-file=~/f &这样启动后再查找mysqld进程，一切就正常了，这是为什么呢？ 我自己想的原因可能是：mysqld_safe本身就是mysqld的守护进程，它本身也是一个shell脚本，在脚本中，默认的basedir就是：usr/local/mysql，我们在启动mysqld的时候如果进入了bin目录，则在这个守护进程中是找不到该目录的，如是就去自动匹配/usr/local/mysql/这个目录，刚好我也在这个目录之前装过mysql，于是系统就自动匹配了这个mysqld程序，运行起来了。 我们查看下mysqld_safe的一段shell代码：[python] MY_PWD=`pwd` # Check for the directories we would expect from a binary release install if test -n “$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION” -a -d “$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION” then # BASEDIR is already overridden on command line. Do not re-set. # Use BASEDIR to discover le. if test -x “$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/libexec/mysqld” thenledir=”$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/libexec” elif test -x “$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/sbin/mysqld” thenledir=”$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/sbin” elseledir=”$MY_BASEDIR_VERSION/bin” fielif test -f “$relpkgdata”/english/errmsg.sys -a -x “$MY_PWD/bin/mysqld” then MY_BASEDIR_VERSION=”$MY_PWD”# Where bin, share and data are ledir=”$MY_PWD/bin” # Where mysqld is # Check for the directories we would expect from a source install elif test -f “$relpkgdata”/english/errmsg.sys -a -x “$MY_PWD/libexec/mysqld” then MY_BASEDIR_VERSION=”$MY_PWD”# Where libexec, share and var are ledir=”$MY_PWD/libexec”# Where mysqld is elif test -f “$relpkgdata”/english/errmsg.sys -a -x “$MY_PWD/sbin/mysqld” then MY_BASEDIR_VERSION=”$MY_PWD”# Where sbin, share and var are ledir=”$MY_PWD/sbin” # Where mysqld is # Since we didn’t find anything, used the compiled-in defaults else MY_BASEDIR_VERSION=’/usr/local/mysql’ ledir=’/usr/local/mysql/bin’ fi 如果我们进入了bin目录：ledir 跑到 elseMY_BASEDIR_VERSION=’/usr/local/mysql’ledir=’/usr/local/mysql/bin’正常的情况下应该是：”$MY_PWD/bin/mysqld” 问题是没有cd到 mysql basedir 的情况下，mysql会从/usr/loca/mysql/bin/mysqld启动 PS：附连接的问题 由于我们启动是按照socket启动的，所以我们在连接时候如果使用的是localhost或者缺省的状态去连接mysql，则我们连接必须使用指定的socket全路径去连接。不然系统会默认的去寻找/tmp/mysql.socket这个，找不到则报错；当然我们还可以使用-h 127.0.0.1 的方式来连接，这样就不需要指定 -S socket路径了； mysql连接的方式有2种，一种是通过socket，一种是通过tcp/ip连接[plain]
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