linux查询名为fxq的服务 PATH变量 cp mv cat more less head tail命令举例(示例代码)

一、 环境变量PATH

which rm 查看命令所在目录[[emailprotected]_46_188_centosfxq]#whichrmaliasrm=‘rm-i‘

/usr/bin/rm

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centosfxq]#

echo $PATH[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#echo$PATH/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bi

n/:/usr/local/apache2/bin/:/usr/local/php/bin/:/root/bin[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#cp/usr/bin/ls/tmp/ls2[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#/tmp/ls2#fxq.txt123gdlogo.png,123.zipgdlogo.png.1,.pub2httpd_process_check.sh12.capip.txt1.cap2.txtiptables.rules1.ipt3.txtnull1.log.tar4.txtping_host_alive.sh1.log.tar.bz2[1-3].logsed.txt1.log.tar.gz\fxq.txtshell1.log.tar1.xza.outweixin1.log.xzanaconda-ks.cfgwordpress-4.7.4-zh_CN.zip1.log.zipauto_install_lamp.shyoujian.sh1.txtbaidu.png~iptables_rules111.txtdir--05-1212ffff

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#PATH=$PATH:/tmp/[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#ls2#fxq.txt123gdlogo.png,123.zipgdlogo.png.1,.pub2httpd_process_check.sh12.capip.txt1.cap2.txtiptables.rules1.ipt3.txtnull1.log.tar4.txtping_host_alive.sh1.log.tar.bz2[1-3].logsed.txt1.log.tar.gz\fxq.txtshell1.log.tar1.xza.outweixin1.log.xzanaconda-ks.cfgwordpress-4.7.4-zh_CN.zip1.log.zipauto_install_lamp.shyoujian.sh1.txtbaidu.png~iptables_rules111.txtdir--05-1212ffff

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#echo$PATH/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bi

n/:/usr/local/apache2/bin/:/usr/local/php/bin/:/root/bin:/tmp/

ls2永久生效：echo "PATH=$PATH:/tmp" >> /etc/profile

二、 cp命令

功能：复制目录或文件。

约定:目录均加上/

cp /etc/passwd /tmp/ 复制文件到到目录

cp /etc/passwd /tmp/passwd2如果目标目录tmp/中存在passwd， 会提示是否覆盖.

如果目标目录tmp 中没有passwd 会直接复制passwd 到tmp/中[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#cp/etc/passwd/tmp/Youhavenewmailin/var/spool/mail/root

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#ls/tmp/passwd/tmp/passwd

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#cp/etc/passwd/tmp/Youhavenewmailin/var/spool/mail/root

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#ls/tmp/passwd/tmp/passwd

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#cp/etc/passwd/tmp/passwd2[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#ls/tmp/passwd2/tmp/passwd2

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#ls-l/tmp/passwd2-rw-r--r--1rootroot1742Aug621:27/tmp/passwd2

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#cat/tmp/passwd2root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologindaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologinadm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologinlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologinsync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/syncshutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdownhalt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/haltmail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologinoperator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologingames:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologinftp:x:14:50:FTPUser:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologinnobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologinavahi-autoipd:x:170:170:AvahiIPv4LLStack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologinsystemd-bus-proxy:x:999:997:systemdBusProxy:/:/sbin/nologinsystemd-network:x:998:996:systemdNetworkManagement:/:/sbin/nologindbus:x:81:81:Systemmessagebus:/:/sbin/nologinpolkitd:x:997:995:Userforpolkitd:/:/sbin/nologinabrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologinlibstoragemgmt:x:996:994:daemonaccountforlibstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologintss:x:59:59:Accountusedbythetrouserspackagetosandboxthetcsd

daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologinntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologinpostfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologinchrony:x:995:993::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologinsshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separatedSSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologintcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologinapache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologinmysql:x:27:27:MariaDBServer:/var/lib/mysql:/sbin/nologinfxq:x:1000:1000::/home/fxq:/bin/bashnginx:x:994:992:Nginxwebserver:/var/lib/nginx:/sbin/nologinsaslauth:x:993:76:Saslauthduser:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologinmailnull:x:47:47::/var/spool/mqueue:/sbin/nologinsmmsp:x:51:51::/var/spool/mqueue:/sbin/nologintest:x:1012:1012::/home/test:/sbin/nologinzabbix:x:1013:1014::/home/zabbix:/sbin/nologin[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#cp/etc/passwd/tmp/passwd2cp:overwrite‘/tmp/passwd2‘?y

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#ls/tmp/passwd2/tmp/passwd2

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#

cp -r /etc/selinux/ /tmp/fxq/ 复制目录到到目录如果fxq目录存在，selinux会复制到fxq目录内

如果fxq目录不存在,sexlinux 会复制selinux到tmp下并改名为fxq[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#cp-r/etc/selinux//tmp/fxq/[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#ls/tmp/fxq/2lsls2selinux

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#ls!$ls/tmp/fxq/2lsls2selinux

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centos~]#

!$ 表示上次的进行的命令的最后的一个参数.

三、 mv命令

功能：mv 移动文件或改名

在同一目录中mv 为改名[[emailprotected]_46_188_centosfxq]#ls2lsls2selinux

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centosfxq]#mvlsls3[[emailprotected]_46_188_centosfxq]#ls2ls2ls3selinux

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centosfxq]#

不同目录中mv 为移动或改名[[emailprotected]_46_188_centosfxq]#ls2ls2ls3selinux

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centosfxq]#mvls22/[[emailprotected]_46_188_centosfxq]#ls2ls3selinux

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centosfxq]#ls2ls2

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centosfxq]#[[emailprotected]_46_188_centosfxq]#[[emailprotected]_46_188_centosfxq]#ls2ls3selinux

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centosfxq]#mvls32/ls4[[emailprotected]_46_188_centosfxq]#ls2selinux

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centosfxq]#ls2ls2ls4

[[emailprotected]_46_188_centosfxq]#

移动的是文件时

目标是目录，移动文件到目标目录.

目录是文件时，则改名至目标目录.

移动的是目录时

目标目录存在时，会放到目标目录内。 目标目录不存在时，刚改名到相应目录。

四、 文档查看cat/more/less/head/tail

cat 查看文件内容cat -A 显示所有字符 cat -n /etc/passwd 显示内容带行号

tac 倒序显示内容

more 分屏显示内容空格向下一屏,

ctrl+ f

ctrl+ b 向上看

回车一行一行显示.

wc -l /etc/passwd 查看文件多少行。

less空格向下一屏,

ctrl+ f

ctrl+ b 向上看

回车一行一行显示.

箭头向上向下一行一行的

/ 查找关键字 n向下 N向上

? 从后往前查找 n向上 N向下

G 快速定们到尾行g 定位到首行

headhead /etc/passwd 查看文件前十行。

head -n 2 /etc/passwd查看前两行

head -n2 /etc/passwd查看前两行(另一种写法)

tailtail /etc/passwd 查看文件后十行。

tail -n 2 /etc/passwd 查看后两行 tail -n2 /etc/passwd 查看后两行(另一种写法)

tail -f /etc/passwd 动态查看文件变化