1、项目背景。根据公司需要、需要通过微信来向指定用户发送相应的消息。
2、实现步骤：
1）用户关注公众号、将用户的openId保存起来
2）通过appid和secret来获取access_token
3）通过客服接口发送信息
3、代码
获取access_token的代码片段，其中grant_type为固定的client_credential，appid和secret是申请公众号，微信给你的
/*** 获取access_token*/public void getAccessToken(){String url = "https://api./cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=wx0bed7b708dd91237357&secret=66df95af6bc0bd803db86f58f1d161964133";int count = 1;String result = "";Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();map.put("id", 1);while(true){try{result = HttpClientUtils.httpGet(url);JSONObject json = JSON.parseObject(result);if("".equals(json.getString("access_token")) || json.getString("access_token") == null){throw new Exception("token获取失败");}else{map.put("token", json.getString("access_token"));map.put("error", "");map.put("update_time",new Date());wxDao.updateToken(map);}break;}catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}finally{if(count >= 5){map.put("error", result);map.put("update_time",new Date());wxDao.updateToken(map);break;}count++;}}}
发送消息
/*** 发送信息* @param content* @param openId*/public void sendMessage(String content,String openId){String result = "";Map<String,Object> token = wxDao.getToken();Map<String,Object> userInfo = findUserByOpenId(openId);Map<String,Object> log = new HashMap<>();log.put("open_id", openId);log.put("name", String.valueOf(userInfo.get("user_name")));String sendUrl = "https://api./cgi-bin/message/custom/send?access_token="+String.valueOf(token.get("token"));SendTestMessage testMessage=new SendTestMessage();testMessage.setMsgtype("text");testMessage.setTouser(openId);Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();map.put("content", content);log.put("content", content);testMessage.setText(map);String jsonTestMessage = JSONObject.toJSONString(testMessage);int count = 1;while(true){try{result = HttpClientUtils.sendPost(sendUrl,jsonTestMessage);JSONObject json = JSON.parseObject(result);if(!"0".equals(json.getString("errcode"))){throw new Exception("发送失败");}else{log.put("status", "发送成功");log.put("send_time", new Date());wxDao.insertSendLog(log);break;}}catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}finally{if(count >= 5){log.put("status", "发送失败");log.put("error", result);map.put("send_time",new Date());wxDao.insertSendLog(log);break;}count++;}}}
Map<String,Object> token = wxDao.getToken();
此句是从数据库中获取access_token，因为access_token是每2小时失效、所以此处做了一个定时任务，每2小时获取一次access_token，并将它存在数据库中。每次发送信息时，从数据库拿出access_token。
发送请求接口
package mon.tools;import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;import java.io.PrintWriter;import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;import .InetAddress;import .URL;import .URLConnection;import .UnknownHostException;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import java.util.Set;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;import org.apache.http.ParseException;import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;import org.apache.http.params.CoreConnectionPNames;import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;/*** httpClient* @author xuchangcheng* 8月21日**/public class HttpClientUtils {/*** get请求* @param url* @return*/public static String httpGet(String url){String result = null;HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, 60000); // 连接超时时间httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.SO_TIMEOUT, 90000); // 数据传输时间HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);// 设置请求头get.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");try {HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get);result = reponse2String(response);} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}// 关闭httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();return result;}/*** post请求* @param url* @param params* @return*/public static String httpPost(String url,Map<String,Object> params){String result = null;HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, 60000); // 连接超时时间httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.SO_TIMEOUT, 90000); // 数据传输时间HttpPost post = null;post = new HttpPost(url);// 设置请求头post.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");// 参数List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();Set<String> keySet = params.keySet();for(String key:keySet){list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, params.get(key).toString()));}try {post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,HTTP.UTF_8));HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);result = reponse2String(response);} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}// 关闭httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();return result;}/*** post请求* @param url* @param params* @return*/public static String httpPostJson(String url,String params){String result = null;HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, 60000); // 连接超时时间httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.SO_TIMEOUT, 90000); // 数据传输时间HttpPost post = null;post = new HttpPost(url);try {StringEntity s = new StringEntity(params);s.setContentEncoding("utf-8");s.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8");System.out.println(s);post.setEntity(s);HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);result = reponse2String(response);} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}// 关闭httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();return result;}/*** get请求(爬虫)* @param url* @return* @throws Exception * @throws */public static String httpReptileGet(String url,String cookie,String tk) throws Exception{String result = null;HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, 60000); // 连接超时时间httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.SO_TIMEOUT, 90000); // 数据传输时间HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);// 设置请求头//get.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");get.setHeader("Cookie",cookie);get.setHeader("tk",tk);HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get);result = reponse2String(response);// 关闭httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();return result;}/*** post请求(爬虫)* @param url* @param params* @return*/public static String httpReptilePost(String url,Map<String,String> params,String cookie,String tk){String result = null;HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, 60000); // 连接超时时间httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.SO_TIMEOUT, 90000); // 数据传输时间HttpPost post = null;post = new HttpPost(url);// 设置请求头post.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");post.setHeader("Cookie",cookie);post.setHeader("tk",tk);// 参数List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();Set<String> keySet = params.keySet();for(String key:keySet){list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, params.get(key)));}try {post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,HTTP.UTF_8));HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);result = reponse2String(response);} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}// 关闭httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();return result;}/*** post请求,返回状态码* @param url* @param params* @return* @throws Exception */public static String httpPost(String url,Map<String,String> params,String cookie,String tk) throws Exception{String result = null;HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, 60000); // 连接超时时间httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.SO_TIMEOUT, 90000); // 数据传输时间HttpPost post = null;post = new HttpPost(url);// 设置请求头post.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");post.setHeader("Cookie",cookie);post.setHeader("tk",tk);// 参数List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();Set<String> keySet = params.keySet();for(String key:keySet){list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, params.get(key)));}post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,HTTP.UTF_8));HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);result = String.valueOf(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());// 关闭httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();return result;}/*** post请求,返回状态码(vivo请求，需要格式化参数，单独写)* @param url* @param params* @return* @throws Exception */public static String httpVivoPost(String url,Map<String,String> params,String cookie) throws Exception{String result = null;HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, 60000); // 连接超时时间httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.SO_TIMEOUT, 90000); // 数据传输时间HttpPost post = null;post = new HttpPost(url);// 设置请求头post.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8");post.setHeader("Cookie",cookie);// 参数List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();Set<String> keySet = params.keySet();for(String key:keySet){if(key.indexOf("ideaUpdateRequest.wordList")!=-1){list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("ideaUpdateRequest.wordList", params.get(key)));}else{list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, params.get(key)));}}post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,HTTP.UTF_8));HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);result = String.valueOf(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());// 关闭httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();return result;}/*** 获取客户端ip(外网)* @param request* @return*/public static String getIp(HttpServletRequest request){String ip = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For"); if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP"); if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP"); if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP"); if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"); if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) ip = request.getRemoteAddr(); if ("127.0.0.1".equals(ip) || "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1".equals(ip)) try { ip = InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress(); } catch (UnknownHostException unknownhostexception) { } return ip;}/*** 转化返回参数* @param response* @return*/public static String reponse2String(HttpResponse response){HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();String body = null;try {body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);} catch (ParseException e) {e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return body;}public static String sendPost(String url, String param) {PrintWriter out = null;BufferedReader in = null;String result = "";try {URL realUrl = new URL(url);// 打开和URL之间的连接URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();//设置通用的请求属性conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:21.0) Gecko/0101 Firefox/21.0)");// 发送POST请求必须设置如下两行conn.setDoOutput(true);conn.setDoInput(true);// 获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流OutputStreamWriter outWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream(), "utf-8");out = new PrintWriter(outWriter);// 发送请求参数out.print(param);// flush输出流的缓冲out.flush();// 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));String line;while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));result += line;}} catch (Exception e) {System.out.println("发送 POST 请求出现异常！"+e);e.printStackTrace();}//使用finally块来关闭输出流、输入流finally{try{if(out!=null){out.close();}if(in!=null){in.close();}}catch(IOException ex){ex.printStackTrace();}}return result;} }
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