Windows 10使用 Packer 和 VMware Player 自动构建CentOS 8虚拟机镜像

下载适用于 Windows 的 qemu-img

https://cloudbase.it/downloads/qemu-img-win-x64-2_3_0.zip

下载后解压文件到 packer.exe相同的工作目录

或者安装Windows 的 qemu

qemu-w64-setup-1215.exe

json文件中需要设置"headless": true, 设置false时启动VMware Player 界面后迅速退出：

{"variables": {"boot_wait": "5s","disk_size": "40960","iso_checksum": "none","iso_url": "file://F:\\CentOS-Stream-8-x86_64-1206-dvd1.iso","memsize": "1024","numvcpus": "1","ssh_password" : "packer","ssh_username" : "packer","vm_name": "CentOS-Stream-8-x86_64-1206"},"builders": [{"type": "vmware-iso","boot_command": ["<tab><bs><bs><bs><bs><bs>text ks=http://{{ .HTTPIP }}:{{ .HTTPPort }}/ks.cfg<enter><wait>"],"boot_wait": "{{ user `boot_wait` }}","disk_size": "{{ user `disk_size` }}","disk_type_id": "0","guest_os_type": "centos-64","headless": true,"http_directory": "http","iso_checksum": "{{ user `iso_checksum` }}","iso_url": "{{ user `iso_url` }}","shutdown_command": "echo 'packer'|sudo -S /sbin/halt -h -p","ssh_password": "{{ user `ssh_password` }}","ssh_port": 22,"ssh_username": "{{ user `ssh_username` }}","ssh_timeout": "30000h","vm_name": "{{ user `vm_name` }}","vmx_data": {"memsize": "{{ user `memsize` }}","numvcpus": "{{ user `numvcpus` }}","virtualHW.version": "14"}},{"type": "virtualbox-iso","boot_command": ["<tab><bs><bs><bs><bs><bs>text ks=http://{{ .HTTPIP }}:{{ .HTTPPort }}/ks.cfg<enter><wait>"],"boot_wait": "{{ user `boot_wait` }}","disk_size": "{{ user `disk_size` }}","guest_os_type": "RedHat_64","headless": false,"http_directory": "http","iso_checksum": "{{ user `iso_checksum` }}","iso_url": "{{ user `iso_url` }}","shutdown_command": "echo 'packer'|sudo -S /sbin/halt -h -p","ssh_password": "{{ user `ssh_password` }}","ssh_port": 22,"ssh_username": "{{ user `ssh_username` }}","ssh_timeout": "30m","vm_name": "{{ user `vm_name` }}","vboxmanage": [["modifyvm", "{{.Name}}", "--memory", "{{ user `memsize` }}"],["modifyvm", "{{.Name}}", "--cpus", "{{ user `numvcpus` }}"]]}],"provisioners": [{"type": "shell","inline": ["echo 'packer'|sudo -S df -hT"]}]}

ks.cfg

#version=RHEL8# Use graphical installgraphicalrepo --name="AppStream" --baseurl=file:///run/install/sources/mount-0000-cdrom/AppStream%packages@^minimal-environmentkexec-tools%end# Keyboard layoutskeyboard --xlayouts='cn'# System languagelang zh_CN.UTF-8# Network informationnetwork --hostname=localhost.localdomain# Use CDROM installation mediacdrom# Run the Setup Agent on first bootfirstboot --enableignoredisk --only-use=sdaautopart# Partition clearing informationclearpart --none --initlabelreboot --eject# System timezonetimezone America/New_York --isUtcnetwork --device ens160 --onboot yes --bootproto dhcp --activate --noipv6 --hostname=CentOS8Packer# Root passwordrootpw --iscrypted $6$qC9lB22EyX3vb0wO$z/XXG4NZvVMz1wEFNfwYig9t0sYhzFMIfXkNfNAoBqxjfCY1USH2POrBnowaIC5w5QG0oYFnW3Ml6Ker/718y1user --groups=wheel --name=packer --password=$6$AFD79/F4mP11CTLX$YgD6rTSaDj/kI0OIe22JhrlhYkBxMuut3phOGjQVx6IAtYrwGiVMAkEIY7HNWIiwi3r1JxZRlYJZ8vqJUtkZN0 --iscrypted --gecos="packer"%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'%end%anacondapwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notemptypwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyokpwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty%end

运行命令packer.exe build opensuse153.json后按提示记下VNC端口和密码；

运行vncviewer64-1.10.1.exe，输入IP地址端口，密码后可以查看安装过程；

输出：

F:\packer-CentOS8Stream>packer.exe build -only=vmware-iso centos8.jsonWarning: Warning when preparing build: "vmware-iso"A checksum of 'none' was specified. Since ISO files are so big,a checksum is highly recommended.Warning: Warning when preparing build: "vmware-iso"Your vmx data contains the following variable(s), which Packer normally setswhen it generates its own default vmx template. This may cause your build tofail or behave unpredictably: numvcpus, memsize, virtualHW.versionvmware-iso: output will be in this color.==> vmware-iso: Retrieving ISO==> vmware-iso: Trying file://F:\CentOS-Stream-8-x86_64-1206-dvd1.iso==> vmware-iso: Trying file://F:/CentOS-Stream-8-x86_64-1206-dvd1.iso==> vmware-iso: file://F:/CentOS-Stream-8-x86_64-1206-dvd1.iso => F:/CentOS-Stream-8-x86_64-1206-dvd1.iso==> vmware-iso: Configuring output and export directories...==> vmware-iso: Creating required virtual machine disks==> vmware-iso: Building and writing VMX file==> vmware-iso: Starting HTTP server on port 8000==> vmware-iso: Starting virtual machine...vmware-iso: The VM will be run headless, without a GUI. If you want tovmware-iso: view the screen of the VM, connect via VNC with the password "Bvpc4sFE" tovmware-iso: vnc://127.0.0.1:5935==> vmware-iso: Connecting to VNC...==> vmware-iso: Waiting 5s for boot...==> vmware-iso: Typing the boot command over VNC...==> vmware-iso: Waiting for SSH to become available...==> vmware-iso: Connected to SSH!==> vmware-iso: Provisioning with shell script: C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\packer-shell4232246848==> vmware-iso:==> vmware-iso: 我们信任您已经从系统管理员那里了解了日常注意事项。==> vmware-iso: 总结起来无外乎这三点：==> vmware-iso:==> vmware-iso:#1) 尊重别人的隐私。==> vmware-iso:#2) 输入前要先考虑(后果和风险)。==> vmware-iso:#3) 权力越大，责任越大。==> vmware-iso:vmware-iso: 文件系统 类型容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点vmware-iso: devtmpfs devtmpfs 386M0 386M 0% /devvmware-iso: tmpfstmpfs405M0 405M 0% /dev/shmvmware-iso: tmpfstmpfs405M 5.7M 399M 2% /runvmware-iso: tmpfstmpfs405M0 405M 0% /sys/fs/cgroupvmware-iso: /dev/mapper/cs-root xfs 37G 1.7G 36G 5% /vmware-iso: /dev/sda1 xfs1014M 181M 834M 18% /boot==> vmware-iso: [sudo] packer 的密码：vmware-iso: tmpfstmpfs81M0 81M 0% /run/user/1000==> vmware-iso: Gracefully halting virtual machine...vmware-iso: Waiting for VMware to clean up after itself...==> vmware-iso: Deleting unnecessary VMware files...vmware-iso: Deleting: output-vmware-iso\vmware.log==> vmware-iso: Compacting all attached virtual disks...vmware-iso: Compacting virtual disk 1==> vmware-iso: Cleaning VMX prior to finishing up...vmware-iso: Disabling VNC server...==> vmware-iso: Skipping export of virtual machine...Build 'vmware-iso' finished after 12 minutes 9 seconds.==> Wait completed after 12 minutes 9 seconds==> Builds finished. The artifacts of successful builds are:--> vmware-iso: VM files in directory: output-vmware-isoF:\packer-CentOS8Stream>