一、实战场景
Flask 框架实现用户的注册，登录和登出。
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二、主要知识点
flask_login 插件使用SQLAlchemy 基础操作用户基础类设计Flask 读取配置文件蓝图注册与使用wtforms表单提交数据wtforms 表单验证Bootstrap 集成Jinjia2 模版继承涉及的知识点和细节很多，我下面就直接贴出注册部分的核心代码，有需要源码的小伙伴私信我哦！
三、核心代码
马上安排！
1、应用初始化 MySQL 和 flask_login 模块
'''Description: 创建应用程序，并注册相关蓝图'''from flask import Flaskfrom base.base_model import dbfrom flask_login import LoginManager# 登录插件login_manager = LoginManager()def register_auth_blueprint(app):# 注册蓝图from app.auth import auth_bpapp.register_blueprint(auth_bp)def create_app(config=None):# 创建应用app = Flask(__name__)# 加载配置app.config.from_object('config')# 注册 SQLAlchemydb.init_app(app)## 注册 login 模块login_manager.init_app(app)# 未登录时候的默认跳转页面login_manager.login_view = 'auth.login'# # login_manager.login_message = '请先登录或注册'register_auth_blueprint(app)if config is not None:if isinstance(config, dict):app.config.update(config)elif config.endswith('.py'):app.config.from_pyfile(config)return appapp = create_app()with app.app_context():db.create_all()if __name__ == '__main__':# 如果要使用 vscode 调试，需要将 debug 设置为 False，否则无法命中请求断点app.run(host='0.0.0.0', debug=True)
2、设置配置文件
APP_NAME = "north"SECRET_KEY = "fNqh2TNw3l0Dj8ZCMQyQh7m1YvWVSgDx"DEBUG = TrueSQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'mysql://username:password@ip:3306/dbname'# 设置sqlalchemy自动更跟踪数据库SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = True# 查询时会显示原始SQL语句SQLALCHEMY_ECHO = True
3、蓝图初始化
from flask import Blueprintauth_bp = Blueprint('auth',__name__,)from app.auth.user import user, auth
4、编写注册表单
<main class="form-signin w-100 m-auto"><form action="{{ url_for('auth.register') }}" method="post"><img class="mb-4" src="{{ url_for('static', filename="3rd/images/bootstrap-logo.svg") }} " alt="" width="72" height="57"><h1 class="h3 mb-3 fw-normal">注册信息</h1><div class="form-floating"><input class="form-control"id="nickname" name="nickname"value="{{ form.data['nickname'] | default('',true) }}"placeholder="昵称"><label for="floatingInput">昵称</label></div><div class="form-floating"><input type="email" class="form-control"id="email" name="email"value="{{ form.data['email'] | default('',true) }}"placeholder="Email"><label for="floatingInput">邮箱</label></div><div class="form-floating"><input type="password" class="form-control"id="password" name="password"value="{{ form.data['password'] | default('',true) }}"placeholder="Password"><label for="floatingPassword">密码</label></div><div class="form-floating"><input type="password" class="form-control"id="confirm_password" name="confirm_password"value="{{ form.data['confirm_password'] | default('',true) }}"placeholder="Confirm Password"><label for="floatingPassword">确认密码</label></div>{% if form and form.errors %}{% for key, error in form.errors.items() %}<div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert">{{key }} : {{error }}</div>{% endfor %}{% endif %}<button class="w-100 btn btn-lg btn-primary" type="submit">注册</button><p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">秀儿 © –</p></form></main>
5、提交注册表单
@auth_bp.route("/register", methods=['POST', 'GET'])def register():# 注册逻辑form = RegisterForm(request.form)# 检查if request.method == 'POST' and form.validate():# 执行正确逻辑user = User()user.set_attrs(form.data)user.name = user.nicknameuser.token = user.generate_token()db.session.add(user)mit()# 执行登录login_user(user, False)return redirect(url_for('auth.home'))return render_template("auth/register.html", form=form)
6、用户模型
import randomfrom sqlalchemy import Column, ForeignKey, funcfrom sqlalchemy import String, Unicode, DateTime, Booleanfrom sqlalchemy import TIMESTAMP, Integer, Floatfrom flask_login import login_user, login_required, logout_user, current_user, UserMixinfrom werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, check_password_hashfrom common.helpers.str_helper import random_stringfrom north import login_managerfrom base.base_model import BaseModelclass User(BaseModel, UserMixin):# UserMixin 继承属性__tablename__ = 'users'# 表基础值phone_number = Column(String(16), unique=True)email = Column(String(64), unique=True, nullable=False)token = Column(String(64))password = Column('password', String(100))status = Column(Integer, default=1)type = Column(Integer, default=1)# 定义一个对象属性，对应表中的 password 字段_password = Column('password', String(100))@propertydef password(self):# 定义属性，使用对象属性赋值return self._password@password.setterdef password(self, raw):# 属性赋值self._password = generate_password_hash(raw)def check_password(self, raw):# 检查密码if not self._password:return Falsereturn check_password_hash(self._password, raw)def generate_token(self, expiration=60000):# 生成 tokenreturn random_string(32)@login_manager.user_loaderdef get_user(uid):# 必须, login 插件制定方法return User.query.get(int(uid))
7、模型基类
import pymysqlimport datetimefrom flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemyfrom sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, SmallIntegerfrom sqlalchemy import String, Unicode, DateTime, Boolean# 初始化数据库类型pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()db = SQLAlchemy()# 模型基础类class BaseModel(db.Model):__abstract__ = Trueid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)name = Column(String(32), nullable=False)nickname = Column(String(32), nullable=False)is_enable = Column(SmallInteger, default=1, nullable=False)created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.now)updated_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.now, onupdate=datetime.datetime.now)deleted_at = db.Column(db.DateTime)def __init__(self):pass# 字典赋值, 场景: 表单提交def set_attrs(self, attrs):for key, value in attrs.items():if hasattr(self, key) and key != 'id':setattr(self, key, value)
8、表单验证
from wtforms import StringField, PasswordField, Form, validators# from wtforms.validators import Length, Email, \#ValidationError, EqualTofrom app.auth.user.user_model import Userclass RegisterForm(Form):nickname = StringField('昵称',validators = [validators.DataRequired(),validators.Length(2, 32)# validators.Email(message='电子邮箱不符合规范')])email = StringField('电子邮件',validators = [validators.DataRequired(),validators.Length(10, 50)# validators.Email(message='电子邮箱不符合规范')])password = PasswordField('密码', [validators.DataRequired(),validators.EqualTo('confirm_password', message='密码需要一致')])confirm_password = PasswordField('Repeat Password', [validators.DataRequired(),])def validate_email(self, field):# 自定义验证，命名对应if User.query.filter_by(email=field.data).first():raise validators.ValidationError('邮件已被注册')def validate_nickname(self, field):if User.query.filter_by(nickname=field.data).first():raise validators.ValidationError('昵称已存在')
9、代码主要目录结构
├── app│ ├── __init__.py│ ├── auth│ │ ├── __init__.py│ │ └── user│ └── tools│ ├── __init__.py│ └── db_tools.py├── base│ ├── __init__.py│ ├── base_blueprint.py│ ├── base_form.py│ └── base_model.py├── common│ ├── __init__.py│ └── helpers│ ├── __init__.py│ └── str_helper.py├── config.py ├── north.py
四、运行结果
1、注册和验证
2、注册成功登录
3、登录
兄弟们，今天的分享就到这里，下次见！
