6、拷贝备份回到原地点(restore)，开始恢复数据库(recover)
restore过程:
C:\>copy D:\DATABAK\SYSTEM01.DBF D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\
C:\>copy D:\DATABAK\TEST\INDX01.DBF D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\
C:\>copy D:\DATABAK\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\
C:\>copy D:\DATABAK\TEST\RBS01.DBF.DBF D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\
Recover过程:
SQL> recover database;
ORA-00279: change 1073849 generated at 05/08/ 08:58:35 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00311.ARC
ORA-00280: change 1073849 for thread 1 is in sequence #311
Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00279: change 1073856 generated at 05/08/ 09:03:27 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00312.ARC
ORA-00280: change 1073856 for thread 1 is in sequence #312
ORA-00278: log file 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00311.ARC' no
longer needed for this recovery
ORA-00279: change 1073858 generated at 05/08/ 09:11:43 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00313.ARC
ORA-00280: change 1073858 for thread 1 is in sequence #313
ORA-00278: log file 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00312.ARC' no
longer needed for this recovery
ORA-00279: change 1073870 generated at 05/08/ 09:11:46 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00314.ARC
ORA-00280: change 1073870 for thread 1 is in sequence #314
ORA-00278: log file 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00313.ARC' no
longer needed for this recovery
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
7、打开数据库，检查数据库的数据(完全恢复)
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> select * from test;
A
---------------------------------------
1
2
说明：
1、只要有备份与归档存在，就可以实现数据库的完全恢复(不丢失数据);
2、适合于丢失大量数据文件，或包含系统数据文件在内的数据库的恢复;
3、恢复过程在mount下进行，如果恢复成功，再打开数据库，down机时间可能比较长一些。
4.3.2RMAN备份方案
RMAN备份归档模式下损坏(丢失)多个数据文件，进行整个数据库的恢复
1、连接数据库，创建测试表并插入记录
SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL> create table test(a int);
Table created
SQL> insert into test values(1);
1 row inserted
SQL> commit;
Commit complete
2、备份数据库
DOS下C:>\ rman cmdfile=bakup.rcv msglog=backup.log;
以下是backup.log内容。
Recovery Manager: Release8.1.6.0.0 - Production
RMAN> #script.:bakup.rcv
2> #creater:chenjiping
3> #date:5.8.
4> #desc:backup all database datafile in archive with rman
5>
6> #connect database
7> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back;
8> connect target internal/virpure;
9>
10> #start backup database
11> run{
12> allocate channel c1 type disk;
13> backup full tag 'dbfull' format 'd:\backup\full%u_%s_%p' database
14> include current controlfile;
15> sql 'alter system archive log current';
16> release channel c1;
17> }
18> #end
19>
RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720)
RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate
RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate
RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1
RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=15 devtype=DISK
RMAN-03022: compiling command: backup
RMAN-03023: executing command: backup
RMAN-08008: channel c1: starting full datafile backupset
RMAN-08502: set_count=4 set_stamp=494074368 creation_time=15-MAY-03
RMAN-08010: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00002 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\RBS01.DBF
RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00001 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF
RMAN-08011: including current controlfile in backupset
RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00005 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF
RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00004 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TEMP01.DBF
RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00006 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\INDX01.DBF
RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00003 name=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\USER01.DBF
RMAN-08013: channel c1: piece 1 created
RMAN-08503: piece handle=D:\BACKUP\FULL04EN5UG0_4_1 comment=NONE
RMAN-08525: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:16
RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync
RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog
RMAN-08005: partial resync complete
RMAN-03022: compiling command: sql
RMAN-06162: sql statement: alter system archive log current
RMAN-03023: executing command: sql
RMAN-03022: compiling command: release
RMAN-03023: executing command: release
RMAN-08031: released channel: c1
Recovery Manager complete.
到这里表示备份成功。
3、继续在测试表中插入记录
SQL> insert into test values(2);
1 row inserted
SQL> commit;
Commit complete
SQL> select * from test;
A
---------------------------------------
1
2
SQL>alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
4、关闭数据库，模拟丢失数据文件
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
Oracle instance shut down
C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF
C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\INDX01.DBF
C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF
C:\>del D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\RBS01.DBF
5、启动数据库，检查错误
SQL> STARTUP
Oracle instance started.
Total System Global Area10364 bytes
Fixed Size70924 bytes
Variable Size85487616 bytes
Database Buffers16384000 bytes
Redo Buffers77824 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF'
查询v$recover_file
SQL> select * from v$recover_file;
FILE# ONLINEERRORCHANGE# TIME
---------- ------- ------------------ ---------- -----------
1 ONLINEFILE NOT FOUND0
2 ONLINEFILE NOT FOUND0
5 ONLINEFILE NOT FOUND0
6 ONLINEFILE NOT FOUND0
可以知道有四个数据文件需要恢复.
6、利用RMAN进行恢复
C:\>rman
Recovery Manager: Release8.1.6.0.0 - Production
RMAN> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back
RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database
RMAN> connect target internal/virpure
RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720)
RMAN> run{
2> allocate channel c1 type disk;
3> restore database;
4> recover database;
5> sql 'alter database open';
6> release channel c1;
7> }
RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate
RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate
RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1
RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=17 devtype=DISK
RMAN-03022: compiling command: restore
RMAN-03025: performing implicit partial resync of recovery catalog
RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync
RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog
RMAN-08005: partial resync complete
RMAN-03022: compiling command: IRESTORE
RMAN-03023: executing command: IRESTORE
RMAN-08016: channel c1: starting datafile backupset restore
RMAN-08502: set_count=4 set_stamp=494074368 creation_time=15-MAY-03
RMAN-08089: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00001 to D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00002 to D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\RBS01.DBF
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00003 to D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\USER01.DBF
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00004 to D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TEMP01.DBF
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00005 to D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00006 to D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\INDX01.DBF
RMAN-08023: channel c1: restored backup piece 1
RMAN-08511: piece handle=D:\BACKUP\FULL04EN5UG0_4_1 tag=DBFULL params=NULL
RMAN-08024: channel c1: restore complete
RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync
RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog
RMAN-08005: partial resync complete
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(1)
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(2)
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(3)
RMAN-03023: executing command: recover(3)
RMAN-08054: starting media recovery
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(4)
RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 327 is already on disk as file D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00327.ARC
RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 328 is already on disk as file D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00328.ARC
RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 329 is already on disk as file D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00329.ARC
RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 330 is already on disk as file D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00330.ARC
RMAN-03023: executing command: recover(4)
RMAN-08515: archivelog filename=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00327.ARC thread=1 sequence=327
RMAN-08515: archivelog filename=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00328.ARC thread=1 sequence=328
RMAN-08055: media recovery complete
RMAN-03022: compiling command: sql
RMAN-06162: sql statement: alter database open
RMAN-03023: executing command: sql
RMAN-03022: compiling command: release
RMAN-03023: executing command: release
RMAN-08031: released channel: c1
RMAN>
7、检查数据库的数据(完全恢复)
SQL> select * from test;
A
---------------------------------------
1
2
说明：
1、只要有备份与归档存在，RMAN也可以实现数据库的完全恢复(不丢失数据);
2、同OS备份数据库恢复，适合于丢失大量数据文件，或包含系统数据文件在内的数据库的恢复;
3、目标数据库在mount下进行，如果恢复成功，再打开数据库;
4、RMAN的备份与恢复命令相对比较简单并可靠，建议有条件的话，都采用RMAN进行数据库的备份。
4.4不完全恢复案例
4.4.1OS备份下的基于时间的恢复
不完全恢复可以分为基于时间的恢复，基于改变的恢复与基于撤消的恢复，这里已基于时间的恢复为例子来说明不完全恢复过程。
基于时间的恢复可以不完全恢复到现在时间之前的某一个时间，对于某些误操作，如删除了一个数据表，可以在备用恢复环境上恢复到表的删除时间之前，然后把该表导出到正式环境，避免一个人为的错误。
1、连接数据库，创建测试表并插入记录:
SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL> create table test(a int);
Table created
SQL> insert into test values(1);
1 row inserted
SQL> commit;
Commit complete
2、备份数据库，这里最好备份所有的数据文件，包括临时数据文件:
SQL> @hotbak.sql或在DOS下svrmgrl @hotbak.sql
或冷备份也可以
3、删除测试表，假定删除前的时间为T1，在删除之前，便于测试，继续插入数据并应用到归
档。
SQL> insert into test values(2);
1 row inserted
SQL> commit;
Commit complete
SQL> select * from test;
A
---------------------------------------
1
2
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
Statement processed.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
Statement processed.
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY
-------------------
-05-21 14:43:01
SQL> drop table test;
Table dropped.
4、准备恢复到时间点T1，找回删除的表，先关闭数据库:
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.Oracle instance shut down.
5、开始恢复到改变点SCN 31014
RMAN> run{
2>allocate channel c1 type disk;
3>restore database;
4>recover database until scn 31014;
5>sql 'ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS';
6>release channel c1;
7> }
RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate
RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate
RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1
RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=10 devtype=DISK
RMAN-03022: compiling command: restore
RMAN-03022: compiling command: IRESTORE
RMAN-03023: executing command: IRESTORE
RMAN-08016: channel c1: starting datafile backupset restore
RMAN-08502: set_count=1 set_stamp=494613682 creation_time=21-MAY-03
RMAN-08089: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00001 to D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\SYSTEM01.DBF
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00002 to D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\RBS01.DBF
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00003 to D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\USERS01.DBF
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00004 to D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TEMP01.DBF
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00005 to D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\TOOLS01.DBF
RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00006 to D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\INDX01.DBF
RMAN-08023: channel c1: restored backup piece 1
RMAN-08511: piece handle=D:\BACKUP\FULL01ENMD5I_1_1 tag=DBFULL params=NULL
RMAN-08024: channel c1: restore complete
RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync
RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog
RMAN-08005: partial resync complete
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(1)
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(2)
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(3)
RMAN-03023: executing command: recover(3)
RMAN-08054: starting media recovery
RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(4)
RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 191 is already on disk as file D:\ORACL
E\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00191.ARC
RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 192 is already on disk as file D:\ORACL
E\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00192.ARC
RMAN-03023: executing command: recover(4)
RMAN-08515: archivelog filename=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00191.AR
C thread=1 sequence=191
RMAN-08515:archivelog filename=D:\Oracle\ORADATA\TEST\ARCHIVE\TESTT001S00192.ARC
Thread=1 sequence=192
RMAN-08055: media recovery complete
RMAN-03022: compiling command: sql
RMAN-06162: sql statement: ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS
RMAN-03023: executing command: sql
RMAN-03022: compiling command: release
RMAN-03023: executing command: release
RMAN-08031: released channel: c1
![[2024年]挥洒五四：对青年激情与思考的700字作文](https://700zi.400zi.cn/uploadfile/img/2024/05/26/73baf1ca6dcbab9dc9954012bf706a16.jpg)
