基于http协议，最常用的是GET和POST两种方法。
接口文档需要包含哪些信息：
接口名称
接口功能
接口地址
支持格式 json/xml
请求方式
请求示例
请求参数(是否必填、数据类型、传递参数格式)
返回参数说明
以典型的(一两个)参数做为判断是否请求通过（重点是看响应的信息判断）
一、GET
1 import requests 2 import json 3 4 url = "/laohuangli/d" 5 para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"-3-22"} 6 header ={} 7 8 r = requests.get(url,params=para,headers= header) 9 10 print('get请求获取的响应结果json类型',r.text)11 print("get请求获取响应状态码",r.status_code)12 print("get请求获取响应头",r.headers['Content-Type'])13 14 #响应的json数据转换为可被python识别的数据类型15 json_r = r.json()16 print(json_r)
二、POST
post请求有两种请求格式：
1、key-value的格式'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
2、标准json的格式：'Content-Type':'application/json'
#key-value
1 import requests 2 import json 3 4 url = "/laohuangli/d" 5 para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"-3-22"} 6 header ={} 7 8 r = requests.post(url,data=para,headers= header) 9 10 print('get请求获取的响应结果json类型',r.text)11 print("get请求获取响应状态码",r.status_code)12 print("get请求获取响应头",r.headers['Content-Type'])13 14 #响应的json数据转换为可被python识别的数据类型15 json_r = r.json()16 print(json_r)
#json
1 import requests 2 import json 3 4 url = "/laohuangli/d" 5 para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"-3-22"} 6 header ={} 7 #python数据类型转换为json类型（json.dumps()） 8 para = json.dumps(para) 9 r = requests.post(url,data=para,headers= header)10 11 print('get请求获取的响应结果json类型',r.text)12 print("get请求获取响应状态码",r.status_code)13 print("get请求获取响应头",r.headers['Content-Type'])14 15 #响应的json数据转换为可被python识别的数据类型16 json_r = r.json()17 print(json_r)
三、把所有的请求封装在函数中
1 def get(url,para,headers): 2try: 3 r = requests.get(url,params=para,headers=headers) 4 print("获取返回的状态码",r.status_code) 5 json_r = r.json() 6 print("json类型转化成python数据类型",json_r) 7except BaseException as e: 8 print("请求失败！",str(e)) 9 def post(url,para,headers):10try:11 r = requests.post(url,data=para,headers=headers)12 print("获取返回的状态码",r.status_code)13 json_r = r.json()14 print("json类型转化成python数据类型",json_r)15except BaseException as e:16 print("请求失败！",str(e))17 def post_json(url,para,headers):18try:19 data = para20 data = json.dumps(data) #python数据类型转化为json数据类型21 r = requests.post(url,data=data,headers=headers)22 print("获取返回的状态码",r.status_code)23 json_r = r.json()24 print("json转换为python数据类型：",json_r)25except BaseException as e:26 print("请求失败！",str(e))27 28 url = "/laohuangli/d"29 para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"-3-22"}30 headers ={}31 32 get(url,para,headers)33 post(url,para,headers)34 post_json(url,para,headers)
四、把所有请求封装在一个对象里
1 class Webrequests: 2def get(self,url,para,headers): 3 try: 4 r = requests.get(url,params=para,headers=headers) 5 print("获取返回的状态码",r.status_code) 6 json_r = r.json() 7 print("json类型转化成python数据类型",json_r) 8 except BaseException as e: 9 print("请求失败！",str(e))10def post(self,url,para,headers):11 try:12 r = requests.post(url,data=para,headers=headers)13 print("获取返回的状态码",r.status_code)14 json_r = r.json()15 print("json类型转化成python数据类型",json_r)16 except BaseException as e:17 print("请求失败！",str(e))18def post_json(self,url,para,headers):19 try:20 data = para21 data = json.dumps(data) #python数据类型转化为json数据类型22 r = requests.post(url,data=data,headers=headers)23 print("获取返回的状态码",r.status_code)24 json_r = r.json()25 print("json类型转化成python数据类型",json_r)26 except BaseException as e:27 print("请求失败！",str(e))28 29 url = "/laohuangli/d"30 para = {"key":"eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee","date":"-3-22"}31 headers ={}32 33 q = Webrequests()34 35 q.get(url,para,headers)36 q.post(url,para,headers)37 q.post_json(url,para,headers)
