Dockerfile常用指令介绍
利用Dockerfile编写简单的nginxWeb镜像
#首先开启ipv4转发echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward=1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf sysctl -pnet.ipv4.ip_forward = 1#创建nginx的镜像目录mkdir -p dockerfile/lib/centos/nginxcd dockerfile/lib/centos/nginx#准备Dockerfile文件vim DockerfileFROM centos:7 #构建的新镜像是基于哪个镜像(构建的nginx是基于centos7构建的,依赖centos7的系统支持,如果没有镜像自动下载)MAINTAINER wk #镜像制作人RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make openssl-devel pcre-devel#构建镜像时运行shell命令,yum安装nginx的依赖包ADD nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz /tmp#拷贝文件或目录到镜像下,遇到压缩文件自动解压缩RUN cd /tmp/nginx-1.12.1 && \ #运行shell命令编译安装nginx,make -j 给与2个线程编译 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx && \make -j 2 && \make installRUN rm -rf /tmp/nginx-1.12.1* && yum clean all#删除nginx源码包和清空yum缓存,使容器最轻量化COPY nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf #拷贝文件或目录到镜像 WORKDIR /usr/local/nginx#为RUN，CMD，ENTRYPOINT，COPY和ADD设置工作目录（指定进入容器中默认被切换的目录）。EXPOSE 80#声明容器的端口号CMD ["./sbin/nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]#运行容器时执行的shell命令-g daemon off 不以守护进程的方式开启nginx,即不以后台运行的方式开启nginx#将事先准备好的nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz和nginx.conf配置文件拷贝到当前目录下lsDockerfile nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz nginx.conf#build基于nginx的docker镜像docker build -t nginx:1 .
#nginx主配置文件cat conf/nginx.confuser root; worker_processes auto; error_log logs/error.log info;pid logs/nginx.pid; events {use epoll; }http {include mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';access_log logs/access.log main;sendfile on;keepalive_timeout 65;server {listen 80;server_name localhost;root html;index index.html index.php;location ~ \.php$ {root html;fastcgi_pass lnmp_php:9000; #lnmp_ph为php容器主机名,对应的就是php的IP地址 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params;}}}
构建PHP网站平台镜像
#创建php的镜像目录mkdir -p /root/dockerfile/lib/centos/phpcd /root/dockerfile/lib/centos/php#准备Dockerfile文件vim Dockerfile FROM centos:7 #新镜像基于centos7镜像MAINTAINER wk #新镜像制作人RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make gd-devel libxml2-devel libcurl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel#运行shell安装依赖ADD php-5.6.31.tar.gz /tmp/ #将安装包考到 /tmp下并自动解压缩RUN cd /tmp/php-5.6.31 && \#编译安装php,复制php启动文件.并修改启动文件的配置./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php \--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \--with-mysql --with-mysqli \--with-openssl --with-zlib --with-curl --with-gd \--with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-iconv \--enable-fpm --enable-zip --enable-mbstring && \make -j 4 && \make install && \cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf && \sed -i "s/127.0.0.1/0.0.0.0/" /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf && \sed -i "21a \daemonize = no" /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.confCOPY php.ini /usr/local/php/etc#将php主配置文件拷贝进去RUN rm -rf /tmp/php-5.6.31* && yum clean all #删除不用的文件,清空yum缓存使容器最轻量化WORKDIR /usr/local/php#进入容器的位置,也是php程序的位置EXPOSE 9000 #开启端口9000CMD ["./sbin/php-fpm", "-c", "/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf"]#开启php -c 指定主配置文件#将事先准备好的php.ini文件及php-5.6.31.tar.gz拷贝到当前目录下lsDockerfile php-5.6.31.tar.gz php.ini#build基于php的docker镜像docker build -t php:1 .
创建nginx-php网络环境，并启动容器
#创建一个叫做lnmp的网络docker network create lnmpdad428646d8f8278f36b80b3b960493aee8be1960bb1f505bfeebc97022b6385docker network lsNETWORK IDNAMEDRIVER SCOPE0604a9338e1b bridge bridge localb68e9da0b1e6 hosthostlocaldad428646d8f lnmpbridge localcf4b2d0b4394 nonenulllocal#创建nginx-php网页挂载目录mkdir -p /www#启动php容器docker run -dit --name lnmp-php --net lnmp --mount type=bind,src=/www,dst=/usr/local/nginx/html php:15b49fc160f9e42364238a937149bbb475036b8a28feddf0fe05c1e70b414a151#启动nginx容器docker run -dit --name lnmp-nginx --net lnmp -p 8888:80 --mount type=bind,src=/www,dst=/usr/local/nginx/html nginx:17ce4d14cf756859e814186090a12b770916f150ed2a5fab2f0dc6ba8c347aab8docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGECOMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES7ce4d14cf756 nginx:1 "./sbin/nginx -g 'da…" 16 seconds agoUp 15 seconds 0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp lnmp-nginx5b49fc160f9e php:1"./sbin/php-fpm -c /…" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 9000/tcplnmp-php#创建测试页面php.infoecho "<?php phpinfo();?>" > /www/index.php
通过浏览器进行访问测试
构建JAVA网站环境镜像
#创建java镜像构建存储目录mkdir -p dockerfile/lib/centos/tomcatcd dockerfile/lib/centos/tomcat#将所需软件包拷贝到当前目录下lsapache-tomcat-8.0.46.tar.gz Dockerfile jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz server.xml#筹备Dockerfilevim DockerfileFROM centos:7 MAINTAINER wkADD jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local #创建javaJDK环境ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45#强行生成一个环境变量ADD apache-tomcat-8.0.46.tar.gz /usr/local#解压tomcatCOPY server.xml /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.46/conf#复制配置文件RUN rm -f /usr/local/*.tar.gz#删除安装包 容器轻量化WORKDIR /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.46#工作目录 进入容器所在的目录EXPOSE 8080 #映射端口ENTRYPOINT ["./bin/catalina.sh", "run"]#用catalina。sh run前台启动tomcat#build基于tomcat的镜像docker build -t tomcat:1 .#创建网页挂载目录mkdir -p /app#启动tomcat的容器进程docker run -dit --name=tomcat -p 8080:8080 --network lnmp --mount type=bind,src=/app/,dst=/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.46/webapps tomcat:1docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGECOMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTSNAMES15eca19688ca tomcat:1 "./bin/catalina.sh r…" 17 seconds agoUp 16 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp tomcat7ce4d14cf756 nginx:1 "./sbin/nginx -g 'da…" 2 hours ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcplnmp-nginx5b49fc160f9e php:1"./sbin/php-fpm -c /…" 2 hours ago Up About an hour 9000/tcp lnmp_php#创建网站测试页mkdir /app/ROOTvim /app/ROOT/index.html ddddddddddddddddddd
整套项目一键打包部署
Docker Compose用法
Compose是一个定义和管理多容器的工具，使用Python语言编写。使用Compose配置文件描述多个容器应用的架构，比如使用什么镜像，数据卷，网络，映射端口等；然后一条命令管理所有服务，比如启动，停止，重启等
安装
unzip docker-compose-linux-x86_64.zip Archive: docker-compose-linux-x86_64.zipinflating: docker-compose ll docker-compose-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8858496 Aug 31 docker-composechmod +x docker-composemv docker-compose /usr/bin/
YAML文件格式及编写注意事项
YAML是一种标记语言很直观的数据序列化格式，可读性高。类似于XML数据描述语言，语法比XML简单的很多
YAML数据结构通过缩进来表示，连续的项目通过减号来表示，键值对用冒号分隔，数组用中括号括起来，hash用花括号括起来
YAML文件格式注意事项:
不支持制表符tab键缩进，需要使用空格缩进通常开头缩进2个空格字符后缩进1个空格，如冒号，逗号，横杆用井号注释如果包含特殊字符用单引号引起来布尔值（true，false，yes，no，on，off）必须用引号括起来，这样分析器会将他们解释为字符串。
配置文件常用字段
常用命令
一键部署LNMP网站平台
#查看compose_lnmp包tree /root/compose_lnmp//root/compose_lnmp/├── docker-compose.yml #docker-compose启动接口文件├── mysql│ ├── conf│ │ └── f #mysql配置文件│ └── data #待挂载mysql数据目录├── nginx│ ├── Dockerfile #自定义nginx的Docker镜像配置文件 │ ├── nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz #nginx源码包│ └── nginx.conf #nginx配置文件├── php│ ├── Dockerfile #自定义php的docker镜像文件│ ├── php-5.6.31.tar.gz#php源码包│ └── php.ini#php配置文件└── wwwroot #网页目录└── index.php #默认网页文件
vim docker-compose.yml#docker-compose启动接口文件必须是以.yml 结尾 他和ansbile都是python写的version: '3' #容器版本为3services:#容器服务有以下nginx: #nginx的容器hostname: nginx #容器主机名为nginxbuild: #指定dockerfile文件的位置context: ./nginx #dockerfile文件位置在当前路径下的nginx目录里dockerfile: Dockerfile #dockerfile文件名:Dockerfileports: #指定映射端口主机81映射到80- 81:80 networks: #指定容器网卡在lnmp网桥- lnmpvolumes: #挂载当前目录下的./wwwroot到容器nginx的网页目录- ./wwwroot:/usr/local/nginx/htmlphp: #和nginx类似hostname: phpbuild:context: ./phpdockerfile: Dockerfilenetworks:- lnmpvolumes:- ./wwwroot:/usr/local/nginx/htmlmysql:hostname: mysqlimage: mysql:5.6 #下载镜像mysql5.6版本ports: - 3306:3306networks:- lnmpvolumes: #挂载mysql主配置文件和数据文件- ./mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d- ./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql command: --character-set-server=utf8 #执行命令，覆盖默认命令 environment: #添加环境变量MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpressMYSQL_USER: userMYSQL_PASSWORD: user123networks:#加入网络lnmp，引用顶级networks下条目lnmp:
#一键部署LNMPdocker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up #-f指定当前目录下的docker-compose为启动文件,up创建和启动容器
#一键查看所有部署的容器进程docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml psName CommandState Ports-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------composelnmp_mysql_1 docker-entrypoint.sh --cha ... Up0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp composelnmp_nginx_1 ./sbin/nginx -g daemon off;Up0.0.0.0:81->80/tcpcomposelnmp_php_1./sbin/php-fpm -c /usr/loc ... Up9000/tcp #一键终止所有部署的容器进程docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml stopStopping composelnmp_nginx_1 ... doneStopping composelnmp_php_1 ... doneStopping composelnmp_mysql_1 ... done#一键启动容器,在后台运行docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml start
#一键清理所有部署的容器进程 docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml down
一键部署Nginx反向代理Tomcat集群实战
#查看compose_nginx_tomcat包[root@docker ~]# tree compose_nginx_tomcat/compose_nginx_tomcat/├── docker-compose.yml├── mysql│ ├── conf│ │ └── f #mysql的配置文件│ └── data #待挂载mysql数据目录├── nginx│ ├── Dockerfile#自定义镜像配置文件│ ├── nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz #源码包│ └── nginx.conf#nginx配置文件├── tomcat│ ├── apache-tomcat-8.0.46.tar.gz #源码包│ ├── Dockerfile#自定义镜像配置文件│ └── server.xml#tomcat配置文件└── webapps └── ROOT└── index.html #网页测试文件
#查看docker-compose的启动接口文件cat compose_nginx_tomcat/docker-compose.yml version: '3'services:nginx:hostname: nginxbuild:context: ./nginxdockerfile: Dockerfileports:- 82:80networks:- lnmtvolumes:- ./webapps:/opt/webappstomcat01:hostname: tomcat01build: ./tomcatnetworks:- lnmtvolumes:- /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45:/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45- ./webapps:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.46/webappstomcat02:hostname: tomcat02build: ./tomcatnetworks:- lnmtvolumes:- /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45:/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_45 #docker宿主机的java环境被挂载了！- ./webapps:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.46/webapps #挂载网页目录mysql:hostname: mysqlimage: mysql:5.6ports:- 3307:3306networks:- lnmtvolumes:- ./mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d- ./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysqlenvironment:MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456MYSQL_DATABASE: dbMYSQL_USER: userMYSQL_PASSWORD: user123networks:lnmt:
每个容器安装JAVA环境,会使容器过大,所以用本地java环境挂在到tomcat容器内,这样节省空间
#由于tomcat容器进程需要挂载docker宿主机本地的java环境#所以在docker宿主机本地安装jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gztar xf jdk-8u45-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local#一键部署ngxin+tomcat反向代理集群docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up
nginx反向代理配置文件user root; worker_processes auto; error_log logs/error.log info;pid logs/nginx.pid; events {use epoll; }http {include mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';access_log logs/access.log main;sendfile on;keepalive_timeout 65;upstream {#ip_hash;server tomcat01:8080;#在compose的接口文件里定义的hostname主机名可直接解析为IPserver tomcat02:8080;}server {listen 80;server_name localhost;location / {proxy_pass ;}location ~ \.(html|css|js|jpg|png|gif)$ {root /opt/webapps/ROOT;}}}
