Podman 部署私有镜像仓库
tags: registry
文章目录
Podman 部署私有镜像仓库1. 安装 Podman 和 httpd-tools2. 配置仓库存储位置3. 生成访问仓库的凭据3.1 htpasswd 用户名和密码3.2 TLS 密钥对4. 启动容器5. 测试5.1 登陆5.2 API访问5.3 镜像入库5.4 查询镜像信息Podman是一个无守护进程的开源 Linux 原生工具，旨在使用开放容器倡议 ( OCI )容器和容器映像轻松查找、运行、构建、共享和部署应用程序。主要是由RedHat推动改进。
关于了解 Podman 更多内容：
Podman 下一代 Linux 容器工具Podman 入门指南
1. 安装 Podman 和 httpd-tools
yum install -y podman httpd-tools
2. 配置仓库存储位置
存储目录为/opt/registry/
mkdir -p /opt/registry/{auth,certs,data}
Auth子目录存储htpasswd用于身份验证的文件。Certs子目录存储仓库使用的证书验证。Data目录存储存储在仓库中的实际镜像。
如果你想单独挂载一块盘来存储数据可以利用parted命令
sudo parted -s -a optimal -- /dev/sdb mklabel gptsudo parted -s -a optimal -- /dev/sdb mkpart primary 0% 100%sudo parted -s -- /dev/sdb align-check optimal 1sudo pvcreate /dev/sdb1sudo vgcreate vg0 /dev/sdb1sudo lvcreate -n registry -l +100%FREE vg0sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/vg0/registryecho "/dev/vg0/registry /opt/registry/data xfs defaults 0 0" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
挂载验证
$ sudo mount -a$ df -hT /opt/registry/dataFilesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/vg0-registry xfs 200G 1.5G 199G 1% /opt/registry/data
3. 生成访问仓库的凭据
3.1 htpasswd 用户名和密码
身份验证由一个简单的htpasswd文件和一个 SSL 密钥对提供
htpasswd将在该/opt/registry/auth/目录中创建一个名为Bcrypt Htpasswd的文件
htpasswd -bBc /opt/registry/auth/htpasswd registryuser registryuserpassword
b通过命令提供密码。B使用 Bcrypt 加密存储密码。c创建文件。用户名为 registryuser。密码是 registryuserpassword。
查看文件
$ tac /opt/registry/auth/htpasswdregistryuser:$2y$05$XciI1wfzkUETe7XazJfc/uftBnMQfYOV1jOnbV/QOXw/SXhmLsApK
3.2 TLS 密钥对
通过使用由可信机构（内部或外部）签名的密钥和证书或简单的自签名证书，仓库通过 TLS 得到保护。要使用自签名证书：
cat << EOF > ssl.conf[ req ]prompt = nodistinguished_name = req_subjx509_extensions = x509_ext[ req_subj ]CN = Localhost[ x509_ext ]subjectKeyIdentifier = hashauthorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuerbasicConstraints = CA:truesubjectAltName = @alternate_names[ alternate_names ]DNS.1 = localhostIP.1 = 192.168.10.80EOF
openssl req -config ssl.conf -new -x509 -nodes -sha256 -days 365 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout /opt/registry/certs/domain.key -out /opt/registry/certs/domain.crtopenssl x509 -inform PEM -in /opt/registry/certs/domain.crt -out /opt/registry/certs/domain.cert
reqOpenSSL 生成和处理证书请求。-newkeyOpenSSL 创建一个新的私钥和匹配的证书请求。rsa:4096OpenSSL 生成一个 4096 位的 RSA 密钥。-nodesOpenSSL 私钥没有密码要求。私钥不会被加密。-sha256OpenSSL 使用 sha256 来签署请求。-keyoutOpenSSL 存储新密钥的名称和位置。-x509OpenSSL 生成一个自签名证书。-daysOpenSSL 密钥对有效的天数。-outOpenSSL 在哪里存储证书。
输入证书的相应选项。CN=值是您的主机的主机名。主机的主机名应该可由 DNS 或/etc/hosts文件解析。
$ ll /opt/registry/certs/total 12-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1842 Nov 21 20:01 domain.cert-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1842 Nov 21 20:01 domain.crt-rw------- 1 root root 3272 Nov 21 20:01 domain.key
将服务器证书、密钥和 CA 文件复制到podman证书文件夹中。您必须首先创建适当的文件夹
mkdir -p /etc/containers/certs.d/192.168.10.80\:5000/cp -r /opt/registry/certs/* /etc/containers/certs.d/192.168.10.80\:5000/
注意：如果仓库未使用 TLS 保护，则
/etc/containers/registries.conf可能必须为仓库配置文件中的不安全设置。
该证书还必须得到您的主机和客户端的信任：
cp /opt/registry/certs/domain.crt /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/update-ca-trusttrust list | grep -i "<hostname>"
4. 启动容器
$ podman imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE IDCREATEDSIZEdocker.io/library/registry latest81c944c2288b 9 days ago 24.7 MB
podman run --name myregistry \-p 5000:5000 \-v /opt/registry/data:/var/lib/registry:z \-v /opt/registry/auth:/auth:z \-e "REGISTRY_AUTH=htpasswd" \-e "REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_REALM=Registry Realm" \-e REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_PATH=/auth/htpasswd \-v /opt/registry/certs:/certs:z \-e "REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_CERTIFICATE=/certs/domain.crt" \-e "REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_KEY=/certs/domain.key" \-e REGISTRY_COMPATIBILITY_SCHEMA1_ENABLED=true \-e REGISTRY_STORAGE_DELETE_ENABLED=true \-d \docker.io/library/registry:latest
选项的详细信息是：
--name myregistry将容器命名为myregistry。-p 5000:5000将容器中的端口 5000 公开为主机上的端口 5000。-v /opt/registry/data:/var/lib/registry:z像 在具有正确 SELinux 上下文的容器中一样安装/opt/registry/data在主机/var/lib/registry-v /opt/registry/auth:/auth:z/opt/registry/auth在主机上安装，就像/auth在具有正确 SELinux 上下文的容器中一样。-v opt/registry/certs:/certs:z像 在具有正确 SELinux 上下文的容器中一样安装/opt/registry/certs在主机上 。/certs-e "REGISTRY_AUTH=htpasswd"使用bcrypt加密htpasswd文件进行身份验证。由容器的REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_PATH环境变量设置的文件位置。-e "REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_REALM=Registry Realm"指定用于htpasswd.-e REGISTRY_AUTH_HTPASSWD_PATH=/auth/htpasswd使用容器中的 bcrypt 加密/auth/htpasswd 文件。-e "REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_CERTIFICATE=/certs/domain.crt"设置证书文件的路径。-e "REGISTRY_HTTP_TLS_KEY=/certs/domain.key"设置私钥路径。-e REGISTRY_COMPATIBILITY_SCHEMA1_ENABLED=true为 schema1 清单提供向后兼容性。-e REGISTRY_STORAGE_DELETE_ENABLED=true可以通过API 删除镜像-d docker.io/library/registry:latest是一个允许存储和分发镜像的仓库应用程序。
注意：如果防火墙在主机上运行，则需要允许暴露的端口 (5000)。
firewall-cmd --add-port=5000/tcp --zone=internal --permanentfirewall-cmd --add-port=5000/tcp --zone=public --permanentfirewall-cmd --reload
或者直接关闭
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalldsetenforce 0
5. 测试
5.1 登陆
docker login -u registryuser -p registryuserpassword 192.168.10.80:5000Login Succeeded!
5.2 API访问
$ curl -k -u "registryuser:registryuserpassword" https://192.168.10.80:5000/v2/_catalog{"repositories":[]}
更多API 访问策略请参考这里
5.3 镜像入库
从公共拉取alpine:latest镜像
$ podman pull alpine:latestResolved "alpine" as an alias (/etc/containers/registries.conf.d/000-shortnames.conf)Trying to pull docker.io/library/alpine:latest...Getting image source signaturesCopying blob ca7dd9ec2225 [--------------------------------------] 0.0b / 0.0bCopying config bfe296a525 doneWriting manifest to image destinationStoring signaturesbfe296a525011f7eb76075d688c681ca4feaad5afe3b142b36e30f1a171dc99a
打标签
podman tag alpine:latest 192.168.10.80:5000/alpine:latest
推送入库
podman push 192.168.10.80:5000/alpine:latest
5.4 查询镜像信息
查询是否入库
$ curl -k -u "registryuser:registryuserpassword" https://192.168.10.80:5000/v2/_catalog{"repositories":["alpine"]}
查看镜像标签
$ curl -k -u "registryuser:registryuserpassword" https://192.168.10.80:5000/v2/alpine/tags/list{"name":"alpine","tags":["latest"]}
查看镜像manifests
$ curl -k -u "registryuser:registryuserpassword"https://192.168.10.80:5000/v2/alpine/manifests/latest{"schemaVersion": 1,"name": "alpine","tag": "latest","architecture": "amd64","fsLayers": [{"blobSum": "sha256:a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4"},{"blobSum": "sha256:60f8044dac9f779802600470f375c7ca7a8f7ad50e05b0ceb9e3b336fa5e7ad3"}],"history": [{"v1Compatibility": "{\"architecture\":\"amd64\",\"config\":{\"Hostname\":\"\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":false,\"AttachStdout\":false,\"AttachStderr\":false,\"Tty\":false,\"OpenStdin\":false,\"StdinOnce\":false,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh\"],\"Image\":\"sha256:18f412e359de0426344f4fe1151796e2d9dc121b01d737e953f043a10464d0b7\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":null},\"container\":\"3cd2ce612b9119be9673860022420eee020f0a6d44e9072ca25196f4f0a4613d\",\"container_config\":{\"Hostname\":\"3cd2ce612b91\",\"Domainname\":\"\",\"User\":\"\",\"AttachStdin\":false,\"AttachStdout\":false,\"AttachStderr\":false,\"Tty\":false,\"OpenStdin\":false,\"StdinOnce\":false,\"Env\":[\"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin\"],\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh\",\"-c\",\"#(nop) \",\"CMD [\\\"/bin/sh\\\"]\"],\"Image\":\"sha256:18f412e359de0426344f4fe1151796e2d9dc121b01d737e953f043a10464d0b7\",\"Volumes\":null,\"WorkingDir\":\"\",\"Entrypoint\":null,\"OnBuild\":null,\"Labels\":{}},\"created\":\"-11-12T04:19:23.199716539Z\",\"docker_version\":\"20.10.12\",\"id\":\"260323e12fa2abcb1ff61576931037c6f8538afeb5ff82fa256670a20b384b6b\",\"os\":\"linux\",\"parent\":\"faa2cddd53c99ad978614b839a2a20a47f143a4d6ecb86bda576dfb3124c0cad\",\"throwaway\":true}"},{"v1Compatibility": "{\"id\":\"faa2cddd53c99ad978614b839a2a20a47f143a4d6ecb86bda576dfb3124c0cad\",\"created\":\"-11-12T04:19:23.05154209Z\",\"container_config\":{\"Cmd\":[\"/bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:ceeb6e8632fafc657116cbf3afbd522185a16963230b57881073dad22eb0e1a3 in / \"]}}"}],"signatures": [{"header": {"jwk": {"crv": "P-256","kid": "5BQE:5CXW:TWNN:OFV7:ZPNY:ARAG:ZJ7K:Z5GI:ZVQ3:SZYQ:2M3J:D7YG","kty": "EC","x": "-JvBdARI6NPMx8g6d1zyPzmSkkZ8rKIcxdz2BEonpzU","y": "4OlY36zLCvLHXzMrb4w8W2TZSJdVc5ijM0Y9DieEkWY"},"alg": "ES256"},"signature": "ZL0HFyuq9G9cYsBzZZqMlwGK3aQMJHFKeQ2Dh8XByzGKtfoJCJ5kQY0W3yynzb3Mj9WYrzeabZwey-dZIHt_7Q","protected": "eyJmb3JtYXRMZW5ndGgiOjIwODgsImZvcm1hdFRhaWwiOiJDbjAiLCJ0aW1lIjoiMjAyMi0xMS0yMVQxMjoyNjowM1oifQ"}]}
参考：
How to implement a simple personal/private Linux container image registry for internal usedocker registry仓库私搭并配置证书
