步态剪影
Digital cameras struggle when you have a scene with both very bright and very dark things in it—in photography terms, a wide dynamic range. One option is to use flashes to try and brighten up the dark areas; the other, and often better option, is just to embrace it and shoot a silhouette. Let’s look at how.
当您的场景中同时包含非常明亮和非常暗的物体时(在摄影方面，它具有宽广的动态范围) ，数码相机会遇到困难。 一种选择是使用闪光灯尝试使黑暗区域变亮。 另一个通常更好的选择是拥抱它并拍摄轮廓。 让我们看看如何。
如何拍摄剪影照片 (How to Take a Silhouette Photo)
Silhouette photos aren’t hard to take, but they’re only possible in certain circumstances. You need a subject that is backlit by a bright light source, and that source must also be in the image.
剪影照片并不难拍，但只有在某些情况下才可以拍摄。 您需要一个由明亮光源背光的对象，并且该光源也必须在图像中。
The simplest time to take silhouette photos is in the hour or two after sunrise or before sunset on a clear day. With the sun sitting low in the sky, it’s easy to position your subject so it’s silhouetted. It doesn’t even need to be directly in front of the sun since that whole horizon will also be very bright—like it is in this photo I took of my dog on the beach this morning an hour after sunrise. I’m going to use it as my example for this article.
拍摄轮廓照片的最简单时间是在晴天后日出或日落前一两个小时。 阳光直射在低空，可以很容易地将被摄对象定位在轮廓上。 它甚至不需要直接在太阳前，因为整个地平线也将非常明亮-就像这张照片中，我今天早晨日出一小时后在海滩上拍下我的狗一样。 我将使用它作为本文的示例。
One quick note. While I’m going to focus on using the sun as your light source, you can take silhouettes with any bright light. The sun is just the brightest thing available to most people.
快速说明。 当我将重点放在使用太阳作为光源时，您可以在任何明亮的光线下拍摄轮廓。 太阳只是大多数人可获得的最明亮的东西。
When you’re shooting a silhouette, you’ll find it easier if you use manual or aperture priority mode. Underexpose the photo by a stop or two from what your camera’s meter recommends. You need to be careful not to blow out the highlights as you want a lot of color in the sky but it’s also a good idea to leave some texture in your subject; you can always turn it completely black in post production.
拍摄剪影时，如果使用手动或光圈优先模式，会发现更容易。 相机的测光表建议将照片曝光不足一两档。 您需要小心，不要吹出高光，因为您想要在天空中增添许多色彩，但是在主体中保留一些质感也是一个好主意； 您随时可以在后期制作中将其完全变黑。
I’ve possibly overexposed this image a little. You can see in the histogram that I’ve got some pure white in the center of the sun, however, I have the texture I want in my dog so I’m pretty happy with it.
我可能对此图像有点曝光过度了。 您可以在直方图中看到我的太阳中心有一些纯白色，但是，我的狗有想要的纹理，因此我对此非常满意。
If you leave your camera in automatic mode, it will most likely swap between underexposing and overexposing the scene. If you’re lucky, you’ll get a good shot, but you won’t have a lot of control and it will take a few tries. Even if you’re using your phone, you should use an app that lets you have some control over the exposure.
如果将相机置于自动模式，则很可能会在场景曝光不足和曝光过度之间切换。 如果幸运的话，您会得到很好的机会，但是您将不会有太多的控制权，因此需要尝试几次。 即使您正在使用手机，也应该使用可以让您对曝光度有所控制的应用程序。
While the autofocus on a modern camera or smartphone shouldn’t have too much difficulty with a silhouette, if it’s kicking up up a fuss, swap to manual focus mode and focus on your subject. As long as you use an aperture of f/8 or narrower, you will have no problem keeping everything acceptably in focus.
虽然在现代相机或智能手机上自动对焦在轮廓上应该不会有太多困难，但是如果它引起了大惊小怪，请切换到手动对焦模式并对焦于您的主体。 只要使用f / 8或更窄的光圈，就可以毫无问题地使所有物体聚焦。
如何编辑剪影照片 (How to Edit a Silhouette Photo)
Silhouette photos—like almost all photos—are greatly improved with a couple of simple edits. I’m going to work through the changes you normally need to make using the Photos app on my iPhone, but you’ll find similar tools in any editing app. If you have Photoshop, my normal photo workflow will also work perfectly.
通过几个简单的编辑，剪影照片(几乎与所有照片一样)得到了极大的改善。 我将介绍使用iPhone上的“照片”应用程序通常需要进行的更改，但是您会在任何编辑应用程序中找到类似的工具。 如果您有Photoshop，我的正常照片工作流程也将正常运行。
The first thing to do is fix any problems. In my image, there’s the small lens flare in the bottom left (which is a common problem with silhouettes) and the horizon isn’t straight (you can see that in the picture above), so I’m going to fix them both at once with the Crop Tool. Here’s the result.
首先要做的是解决所有问题。 在我的图像中，左下角有一个小的镜头光斑(这是轮廓常见的问题)，并且地平线不是笔直的(您可以在上图中看到)，所以我将把它们都固定在使用裁切工具一次。 这是结果。
Next, it’s time to tweak the brightness and contrast. Play around with the sliders until you get something that looks good, but in general you’ll want to add as much contrast as you can without losing detail. If you’ve underexposed or overexposed your image slightly like me, you should fix that now too.
接下来，该调整亮度和对比度了。 尝试使用滑块，直到获得看起来不错的效果为止，但通常来说，您将希望尽可能多地添加对比度而不丢失细节。 如果您的图像有点像我一样曝光不足或曝光过度，那么现在也应该修复该问题。
The final step is to intensify the colors that are already in the image. Add as much saturation as you can without making your image look ridiculous. You can also play around with the white balance to push the image more towards yellow or blue.
最后一步是增强图像中已经存在的颜色。 在不使图像看起来可笑的情况下，尽可能增加饱和度。 您也可以使用白平衡来将图像更多地推向黄色或蓝色。
With that done, you should have a pretty epic looking silhouette photo.
完成此操作后，您应该有一张漂亮的史诗般的剪影照片。
大剪影照片的提示 (Tips for Great Silhouette Photos)
Taking simple silhouette photos is pretty easy, but if you want to take things a bit further, here are some tips:
拍摄简单的剪影照片非常容易，但是如果您想进一步介绍一些技巧，请注意以下几点：
At the times you can take silhouette photos, you also get long shadows. You can combine the two and use shadows to create interesting compositions. I’ve done that with this shot of Santa Monica pier.
有时您可以拍摄剪影照片，但阴影也会很长。 您可以将两者结合起来并使用阴影来创建有趣的构图。 我已经完成了圣莫尼卡码头的拍摄。
The color of the sky tends to be a big part of good silhouette photos. Don’t just settle for a mildly interesting sunrise or sunset. If you can, visit the same spot a few days in a row until you get a truly spectacular one.
天空的色彩往往是好的剪影照片的重要组成部分。 不要只是定居一点有趣的日出或日落。 如果可以的话，连续几天访问同一地点，直到您获得一个真正壮观的景点。
A huge number of silhouette images are portraits. When they’re done right, they can be really cool, but they can also be pretty generic. Mix up your subjects and play around with different things like landscape images.
大量的轮廓图像是肖像。 如果做得正确，它们可能会很酷，但也可能非常通用。 混合您的主题并玩弄不同的事物，例如风景图像。
One big thing that can change how your silhouette photographs look is how much texture you leave in the shadow areas. Experiment and see what happens when you leave them totally black versus when you still leave a bit of detail.
可以改变轮廓照片外观的一件大事是您在阴影区域留下多少纹理。 实验一下，看看当您将它们全黑时还是仍然保留一些细节时会发生什么。
Beginner photographers are often told to avoid situations with a high dynamic range but, if you approach it in the right way and know what to expect, you can take some really great silhouette photographs.
经常被告知初学者摄影师要避免动态范围较大的情况，但是，如果您以正确的方式进行操作并知道会发生什么，则可以拍摄一些非常出色的剪影照片。
翻译自: /353788/how-to-take-good-silhouette-photos/
步态剪影
