简单的自定义组件
本文的使用场景是:多个页面都需要用到拨打电话功能,为减少代码量、便于维护,所以自定义了一个组件,每个页面直接调用即可。基本实现下图样式:
下面我们来一步步的实现它:
step1:创建文件夹以及文件
首先创建一个components(名字可自取)文件夹,用于放置所有自定义的组件,
里面可以用右键自动创建的方式,新建一个Component组件,例如:
创建之后的目录结构为:
其中callphone是我们本次要实现的拨打电话组件。
step2:组件的基本搭建
在callphone.wxml中:添加组件结构:
<view class="call" bindtap="callPhone"><view class="phone">{{phone}}</view><view>了解最新信息,免费咨询</view><view class="callIcon"></view></view>
在callphone.wxss中:添加组件样式:
.call {display: block;padding: 18rpx 30rpx;width: 100%;color: #999;font-size: 24rpx;box-sizing: border-box;background: #ecf9e8;position: relative;border-radius: 10rpx;}.call .phone {color: #333;font-size: 40rpx;}.call .callIcon {width: 77rpx;height: 77rpx;position: absolute;top: 50%;margin-top: -38rpx;right: 30rpx;background-size: cover;background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,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);}
在callphone.js中:添加组件逻辑:
Component({/*** 组件的属性列表*/properties: {},/*** 组件的初始数据*/data: {phone: '400-010-9797'},/*** 组件的方法列表*/methods: {callPhone() {wx.makePhoneCall({phoneNumber: this.data.phone})}}})
step3:使用组件
我们要在index.wxml中使用该组件的话,要在index.json中进行声明:(其中call-phone是组件的名称,可以自取)
{"usingComponents": {"call-phone": "/components/CallPhone/callphone"}}
在index.wxml中引用组件:
<call-phone></call-phone>
完成以上几个步骤,一个简单的小程序自定义组件就完成了,运行结果如下:
Page与Component数据交互
上面的例子中可以看到,电话号码是在组件中的data中设置的,也就是每个页面都是固定写死的;但是如果要实现每个界面的号码不一样的话,此时就涉及到page往组件传值的问题,可以这么修改:
1、page > component
方法1:page在引用组件时能通过属性值设置,callphone.js在properties获取:
<!--index.wxml--><call-phone phone="400-010-9797"></call-phone>
// components/CallPhone/callphone.jsComponent({properties: {phone: String //简写/* phone: {type: String, //类型,目前接受的类型包括:String, Number, Boolean, Object, Array, null(表示任意类型)value: '', //初始值observer: function(newVal, oldVal) {}}*/},attached: function() {console.log("this.properties.phone:" + this.properties.phone); //控制台打印:"400-010-9797"},//...})
方法2:page在引用组件时通data-xxx设置,callphone.js在this.dataset获取:
<!--index.wxml--><call-phone data-tel="400-010-9797" ></call-phone>
// components/CallPhone/callphone.jsComponent({attached: function() {console.log("this.dataset.tel:" + this.dataset.tel); //控制台打印:"400-010-9797"// 设置properties值用setData()this.setData({phone: this.dataset.tel});},//...})
2、component >page
组件中的变量要传到page页面,可以通过事件触发this.triggerEvent()来实行:
// components/CallPhone/callphone.jsComponent({methods: {callPhone() {var myEventDetail = {msg: '来自component的信息',tel: '400-010-9797'} // detail对象,提供给事件监听函数var myEventOption = {} // 触发事件的选项this.triggerEvent('myevent', myEventDetail, myEventOption)}}})
<!--index.wxml--><!--"bindmyevent"属性与上面"myevent"对应,当自定义组件触发"myevent"事件时,调用"call"方法 --><call-phone bindmyevent="call"></call-phone>
//index.jsPage({call: function(e) {console.log(e.detail.msg);//控制台打印:"来自component的信息"wx.makePhoneCall({phoneNumber: e.detail.tel})}})