使用javax.mail发送邮件

文章目录

一、发邮件流程二、关于邮件协议和端口三、开启邮件协议和端口3.1. QQ邮箱3.2. 163邮箱四、实战发送邮件4.1. 引入依赖4.2. 方法重写4.3. 发送邮件核心类工具类EmailUtils五、QQ邮件发送测试5.1. QQ发送测试5.2. 查看QQ发送邮箱5.3. 查看收件人收件箱六、163邮件发送测试6.1. 163发送测试6.2. 查看163发送邮箱6.3. 查看收件人收件箱七、企业需求实战7.1. Email工具类7.2. 单元测试

一、发邮件流程

使用javax.mail包中的api发送邮件，大致有5个步骤

1、继承Authenticator类，重写getPasswordAuthentication方法。用于登录校验。2、创建一个Properties对象，用于存放SMTP服务器地址、端口号3、用步骤1和2得到的对象创建一个Session对象，相当于邮箱登录4、创建一个MimeMessage，设置发件人、收件人、抄送人、主题、内容，添加附件5、Transport发送邮件

二、关于邮件协议和端口

常用的电子协议协议有SMTP、POP3、IMAP4，它们都隶属于TCP/IP簇，默认状态下，分别通过TCP端口25、110和143建立连接。

发送邮件基于SMTP协议。下面列出了常用的邮件服务器地址和端口。

:POP3服务器地址:（端口：110）SMTP服务器地址:（端口：25） sinaVIP：POP3服务器:pop3. （端口：110）SMTP服务器:smtp. （端口：25）:POP3服务器地址:（端口：110）SMTP服务器地址:（端口：25）126邮箱：POP3服务器地址:（端口：110）SMTP服务器地址:（端口：25）139邮箱：POP3服务器地址：（端口：110）SMTP服务器地址：(端口：25):POP3服务器地址:（端口：110）SMTP服务器地址:（端口：25）QQ邮箱 POP3服务器地址：（端口：110）SMTP服务器地址： （端口：25）QQ企业邮箱POP3服务器地址：pop. （SSL启用 端口：995）SMTP服务器地址：smtp.（SSL启用 端口：587/465）:POP3服务器地址:pop.SMTP服务器地址:smtp.:POP3服务器地址:pop.（端口：995）SMTP服务器地址:smtp.（端口：587HotMailPOP3服务器地址： （端口：995）SMTP服务器地址： （端口：587）gmail()POP3服务器地址:（SSL启用 端口：995）SMTP服务器地址:（SSL启用 端口：587）:POP3服务器地址:（端口：110）SMTP服务器地址:（端口：25）:POP3服务器地址:.cn（端口：110）SMTP服务器地址:.cn（端口：25）:POP3服务器地址:（端口：110）SMTP服务器地址:（端口：25）:POP3服务器地址:（端口：110）SMTP服务器地址:（端口：25）Foxmail：POP3服务器地址:（端口：110）SMTP服务器地址:（端口：25）:POP3服务器地址:（端口：110）SMTP服务器地址:（端口：25）:POP3服务器地址:（端口：110）SMTP服务器地址:（端口：25）:POP3服务器地址:SMTP服务器地址:

三、开启邮件协议和端口

3.1. QQ邮箱

3.2. 163邮箱

四、实战发送邮件

4.1. 引入依赖

<dependency><groupId>javax.mail</groupId><artifactId>mail</artifactId><version>1.4</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>4.9</version><scope>test</scope></dependency>

4.2. 方法重写

继承Authenticator并重写getPasswordAuthentication方法

package com.gblfy.mail;import javax.mail.Authenticator;import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;public class MyAuthenticator extends Authenticator {String userName = null;String password = null;public MyAuthenticator() {}public MyAuthenticator(String username, String password) {this.userName = username;this.password = password;}protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {return new PasswordAuthentication(userName, password);}}

4.3. 发送邮件核心类工具类EmailUtils

package com.gblfy.mail.util;import com.gblfy.mail.MyAuthenticator;import mandMap;import javax.activation.DataHandler;import javax.activation.FileDataSource;import javax.activation.MailcapCommandMap;import javax.mail.*;import javax.mail.internet.*;import java.util.List;import java.util.Properties;/*** 使用javax.mail发送邮件** @author: gblfy* @date -06-22** <p>* 参数列表:* 1.邮件服务器* 2.发件人邮箱* 3.发件人的授权密码* 4.邮件主题* 5.收件人，多个收件人以半角逗号分隔* 6.抄送，多个抄送以半角逗号分隔* 7.正文，可以用html格式的哟* </p>*/public class EmailUtils {private String smtpHost; // 邮件服务器地址private String sendUserName; // 发件人的用户名private String sendUserPass; // 发件人密码private MimeMessage mimeMsg; // 邮件对象private Multipart mp;// 附件添加的组件private void init() {// 创建一个密码验证器MyAuthenticator authenticator = null;authenticator = new MyAuthenticator(sendUserName, sendUserPass);// 实例化Properties对象Properties props = System.getProperties();props.put("mail.smtp.host", smtpHost);props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); // 需要身份验证props.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable", "true");// 建立会话Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, authenticator);// 置true可以在控制台（console)上看到发送邮件的过程session.setDebug(true);// 用session对象来创建并初始化邮件对象mimeMsg = new MimeMessage(session);// 生成附件组件的实例mp = new MimeMultipart();}private EmailUtils(String smtpHost, String sendUserName, String sendUserPass, String to, String cc, String mailSubject,String mailBody, List<String> attachments) {this.smtpHost = smtpHost;this.sendUserName = sendUserName;this.sendUserPass = sendUserPass;init();setFrom(sendUserName);setTo(to);setCC(cc);setBody(mailBody);setSubject(mailSubject);if (attachments != null) {for (String attachment : attachments) {addFileAffix(attachment);}}}/*** 邮件实体** @param smtpHost邮件服务器地址* @param sendUserName 发件邮件地址* @param sendUserPass 发件邮箱密码* @param to 收件人，多个邮箱地址以半角逗号分隔* @param cc 抄送，多个邮箱地址以半角逗号分隔* @param mailSubject 邮件主题* @param mailBody邮件正文* @param attachments 附件路径* @return*/public static EmailUtils entity(String smtpHost, String sendUserName, String sendUserPass, String to, String cc,String mailSubject, String mailBody, List<String> attachments) {return new EmailUtils(smtpHost, sendUserName, sendUserPass, to, cc, mailSubject, mailBody, attachments);}/*** 设置邮件主题** @param mailSubject* @return*/private boolean setSubject(String mailSubject) {try {mimeMsg.setSubject(mailSubject);} catch (Exception e) {return false;}return true;}/*** 设置邮件内容,并设置其为文本格式或HTML文件格式，编码方式为UTF-8** @param mailBody* @return*/private boolean setBody(String mailBody) {try {BodyPart bp = new MimeBodyPart();bp.setContent("<meta http-equiv=Content-Type content=text/html; charset=UTF-8>" + mailBody,"text/html;charset=UTF-8");// 在组件上添加邮件文本mp.addBodyPart(bp);} catch (Exception e) {System.err.println("设置邮件正文时发生错误！" + e);return false;}return true;}/*** 添加一个附件** @param filename 邮件附件的地址，只能是本机地址而不能是网络地址，否则抛出异常* @return*/public boolean addFileAffix(String filename) {try {if (filename != null && filename.length() > 0) {BodyPart bp = new MimeBodyPart();FileDataSource fileds = new FileDataSource(filename);bp.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(fileds));bp.setFileName(MimeUtility.encodeText(fileds.getName(), "utf-8", null)); // 解决附件名称乱码mp.addBodyPart(bp);// 添加附件}} catch (Exception e) {System.err.println("增加邮件附件：" + filename + "发生错误！" + e);return false;}return true;}/*** 设置发件人地址** @param from 发件人地址* @return*/private boolean setFrom(String from) {try {mimeMsg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));} catch (Exception e) {return false;}return true;}/*** 设置收件人地址** @param to 收件人的地址* @return*/private boolean setTo(String to) {if (to == null)return false;try {mimeMsg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, InternetAddress.parse(to));} catch (Exception e) {return false;}return true;}/*** 设置抄送** @param cc* @return*/private boolean setCC(String cc) {if (cc == null) {return false;}try {mimeMsg.setRecipients(, InternetAddress.parse(cc));} catch (Exception e) {return false;}return true;}/*** no object DCH for MIME type multipart/mixed报错解决*/private void solveError() {MailcapCommandMap mc = (MailcapCommandMap) CommandMap.getDefaultCommandMap();mc.addMailcap("text/html;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.text_html");mc.addMailcap("text/xml;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.text_xml");mc.addMailcap("text/plain;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.text_plain");mc.addMailcap("multipart/*;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.multipart_mixed; x-java-fallback-entry=true");mc.addMailcap("message/rfc822;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.message_rfc822");CommandMap.setDefaultCommandMap(mc);Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(EmailUtils.class.getClassLoader());}/*** 发送邮件** @return*/public boolean send() throws Exception {mimeMsg.setContent(mp);mimeMsg.saveChanges();System.out.println("正在发送邮件....");solveError();Transport.send(mimeMsg);System.out.println("发送邮件成功！");return true;}}

五、QQ邮件发送测试

5.1. QQ发送测试

package com.gblfy.mail;import com.gblfy.mail.util.EmailUtils;import org.junit.Test;import java.util.Arrays;import java.util.List;public class MailApplicationTests {@Testpublic void sendEmail() throws Exception {//QQ邮箱测试String userName = "754263923@"; // 发件人邮箱String password = "wzxsscqpvrikbbfa"; // 发件人密码，其实不一定是邮箱的登录密码，对于QQ邮箱来说是SMTP服务的授权文本String smtpHost = ""; // 邮件服务器//163邮箱测试// String userName = "gblfy02@"; // 发件人邮箱// String password = "TBFJUSKCUOPEYOYU"; // 发件人密码，其实不一定是邮箱的登录密码，对于QQ邮箱来说是SMTP服务的授权文本// String smtpHost = ""; // 邮件服务器String to = "guo_bin@"; // 收件人，多个收件人以半角逗号分隔String cc = "songzihao@"; // 抄送，多个抄送以半角逗号分隔String subject = "这是邮件的主题 163"; // 主题String body = "这是邮件的正文163"; // 正文，可以用html格式的哟List<String> attachments = Arrays.asList("D:\\安装包\\【繁星课堂】DataX3.0离线同步课件.pdf", "D:\\安装包\\权限控制优化需求.docx"); // 附件的路径，多个附件也不怕EmailUtils emailUtils = EmailUtils.entity(smtpHost, userName, password, to, cc, subject, body, attachments);emailUtils.send(); // 发送！}}

5.2. 查看QQ发送邮箱

5.3. 查看收件人收件箱

正常发送，正常接收！

六、163邮件发送测试

6.1. 163发送测试

package com.gblfy.mail;import com.gblfy.mail.util.EmailUtils;import org.junit.Test;import java.util.Arrays;import java.util.List;public class MailApplicationTests {@Testpublic void sendEmail() throws Exception {//QQ邮箱测试// String userName = "754263923@"; // 发件人邮箱// String password = "wzxsscqpvrikbbfa"; // 发件人密码，其实不一定是邮箱的登录密码，对于QQ邮箱来说是SMTP服务的授权文本// String smtpHost = ""; // 邮件服务器//163邮箱测试String userName = "gblfy02@"; // 发件人邮箱String password = "TBFJUSKCUOPEYOYU"; // 发件人密码，其实不一定是邮箱的登录密码，对于QQ邮箱来说是SMTP服务的授权文本String smtpHost = ""; // 邮件服务器String to = "guo_bin@"; // 收件人，多个收件人以半角逗号分隔String cc = "songzihao@"; // 抄送，多个抄送以半角逗号分隔String subject = "这是邮件的主题 163"; // 主题String body = "这是邮件的正文163"; // 正文，可以用html格式的哟List<String> attachments = Arrays.asList("D:\\安装包\\【繁星课堂】DataX3.0离线同步课件.pdf", "D:\\安装包\\权限控制优化需求.docx"); // 附件的路径，多个附件也不怕EmailUtils emailUtils = EmailUtils.entity(smtpHost, userName, password, to, cc, subject, body, attachments);emailUtils.send(); // 发送！}}

6.2. 查看163发送邮箱

6.3. 查看收件人收件箱

七、企业需求实战

7.1. Email工具类

package com.gblfy.email.util;import com.gblfy.email.config.EmailAuthenticatorConfig;import mandMap;import javax.activation.DataHandler;import javax.activation.FileDataSource;import javax.activation.MailcapCommandMap;import javax.mail.*;import javax.mail.internet.*;import java.util.List;import java.util.Properties;/*** 使用javax.mail发送邮件** @author: gblfy* @date -10-15** <p>* 参数列表:* 1.邮件服务器* 2.发件人邮箱* 3.发件人的授权密码* 4.邮件主题* 5.收件人，多个收件人以半角逗号分隔* 6.抄送，多个抄送以半角逗号分隔* 7.正文，可以用html格式的哟* </p>*/public class EmailUtils {private String smtpHost; // 邮件服务器地址private String sendUserName; // 发件人的用户名private String sendUserPass; // 发件人密码private MimeMessage mimeMsg; // 邮件对象private Multipart mp;// 附件添加的组件private void init() {// 创建一个密码验证器EmailAuthenticatorConfig authenticator = null;authenticator = new EmailAuthenticatorConfig(sendUserName, sendUserPass);// 实例化Properties对象Properties props = System.getProperties();props.put("mail.smtp.host", smtpHost);props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); // 需要身份验证//此属性待测试先注释// props.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable", "true");props.put("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");// 建立会话Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, authenticator);// 置true可以在控制台（console)上看到发送邮件的过程session.setDebug(true);// 用session对象来创建并初始化邮件对象mimeMsg = new MimeMessage(session);// 生成附件组件的实例mp = new MimeMultipart();}private EmailUtils(String smtpHost, String sendUserName, String sendUserPass, String to, String cc, String mailSubject,String mailBody, List<String> attachments) {this.smtpHost = smtpHost;this.sendUserName = sendUserName;this.sendUserPass = sendUserPass;init();setFrom(sendUserName);setTo(to);setCC(cc);setBody(mailBody);setSubject(mailSubject);if (attachments != null) {for (String attachment : attachments) {addFileAffix(attachment);}}}/*** 邮件实体** @param smtpHost邮件服务器地址* @param sendUserName 发件邮件地址* @param sendUserPass 发件邮箱密码* @param to 收件人，多个邮箱地址以半角逗号分隔* @param cc 抄送，多个邮箱地址以半角逗号分隔* @param mailSubject 邮件主题* @param mailBody邮件正文* @param attachments 附件路径* @return*/public static EmailUtils entity(String smtpHost, String sendUserName, String sendUserPass, String to, String cc,String mailSubject, String mailBody, List<String> attachments) {return new EmailUtils(smtpHost, sendUserName, sendUserPass, to, cc, mailSubject, mailBody, attachments);}/*** 设置邮件主题** @param mailSubject* @return*/private boolean setSubject(String mailSubject) {try {mimeMsg.setSubject(mailSubject);} catch (Exception e) {return false;}return true;}/*** 设置邮件内容,并设置其为文本格式或HTML文件格式，编码方式为UTF-8** @param mailBody* @return*/private boolean setBody(String mailBody) {try {BodyPart bp = new MimeBodyPart();bp.setContent("<meta http-equiv=Content-Type content=text/html; charset=UTF-8>" + mailBody,"text/html;charset=UTF-8");// 在组件上添加邮件文本mp.addBodyPart(bp);} catch (Exception e) {System.err.println("设置邮件正文时发生错误！" + e);return false;}return true;}/*** 添加一个附件** @param filename 邮件附件的地址，只能是本机地址而不能是网络地址，否则抛出异常* @return*/public boolean addFileAffix(String filename) {try {if (filename != null && filename.length() > 0) {BodyPart bp = new MimeBodyPart();FileDataSource fileds = new FileDataSource(filename);bp.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(fileds));bp.setFileName(MimeUtility.encodeText(fileds.getName(), "utf-8", null)); // 解决附件名称乱码mp.addBodyPart(bp);// 添加附件}} catch (Exception e) {System.err.println("增加邮件附件：" + filename + "发生错误！" + e);return false;}return true;}/*** 设置发件人地址** @param from 发件人地址* @return*/private boolean setFrom(String from) {try {mimeMsg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));} catch (Exception e) {return false;}return true;}/*** 设置收件人地址** @param to 收件人的地址* @return*/private boolean setTo(String to) {if (to == null)return false;try {mimeMsg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, InternetAddress.parse(to));} catch (Exception e) {return false;}return true;}/*** 设置抄送** @param cc* @return*/private boolean setCC(String cc) {if (cc == null) {return false;}try {mimeMsg.setRecipients(, InternetAddress.parse(cc));} catch (Exception e) {return false;}return true;}/*** no object DCH for MIME type multipart/mixed报错解决*/private void solveError() {MailcapCommandMap mc = (MailcapCommandMap) CommandMap.getDefaultCommandMap();mc.addMailcap("text/html;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.text_html");mc.addMailcap("text/xml;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.text_xml");mc.addMailcap("text/plain;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.text_plain");mc.addMailcap("multipart/*;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.multipart_mixed; x-java-fallback-entry=true");mc.addMailcap("message/rfc822;; x-java-content-handler=com.sun.mail.handlers.message_rfc822");CommandMap.setDefaultCommandMap(mc);Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(EmailUtils.class.getClassLoader());}/*** 发送邮件** @return*/public String send() throws Exception {mimeMsg.setContent(mp);mimeMsg.saveChanges();System.out.println("正在发送邮件....");solveError();try {Transport.send(mimeMsg);return "发送邮件成功！";} catch (MessagingException e) {e.printStackTrace();return "发送邮件异常！";}}/*** 对账结果通知邮件模板** @param named 称呼* @param totalNum对账批次总个数* @param succBatchNum对账成功批次个数* @param checkInformSucc 对账成功批次* @param checkInformMiddle 对账中批次* @param checkInformDiff 对账差异批次* @param smtpHost邮件代理服务器IP* @param sendUserName发送人邮箱* @param sendUserPass发送人邮箱秘钥* @param to收件人邮箱* @param cc抄送人邮箱* @param attachments 附件*/public static String checkInformEmailNotice(String named, int totalNum, int succBatchNum, String checkInformSucc,String checkInformMiddle, String checkInformDiff, String smtpHost,String sendUserName, String sendUserPass, String to, String cc,List<String> attachments) throws Exception {String subject = "【装载结果通知】" + DateDeal.getYesterday() + " 共报送" + totalNum + "个批次，对账成功" + succBatchNum + "个批次"; // 主题String body = "<pre>\n" +named + "，您好!\n" +"\n" +" 对账状态信息：\n" +" 对账成功批次：" + checkInformSucc + "。\n" +" 对账中批次 ：" + checkInformMiddle + ",请您及时处理。\n" +" 对账存在差异批次：" + checkInformDiff + ",请您及时处理。\n" +"</pre>";EmailUtils emailUtils = EmailUtils.entity(smtpHost, sendUserName, sendUserPass, to, cc, subject, body, attachments);return emailUtils.send();// 发送！}/*** @param named称呼* @param totalLoadNum 装载总批次个数* @param loadAllSuccNum 装载全部成功批次个数* @param loadMiddle装载中批次* @param LoadAllSucc 装载全部成功批次* @param partLoadSucc 装载部分成功批次* @param withoutLoad 尚未装载批次* @param smtpHost 邮件代理服务器IP* @param sendUserName 发送人邮箱* @param sendUserPass 发送人邮箱秘钥* @param to 收件人邮箱* @param cc 抄送人邮箱* @param attachments 附件* @return* @throws Exception*/public static String loadEmailNotice(String named, int totalLoadNum, int loadAllSuccNum, String loadMiddle, String LoadAllSucc,String partLoadSucc, String withoutLoad, String smtpHost,String sendUserName, String sendUserPass, String to, String cc,List<String> attachments) throws Exception {String subject = "【数据装载结果通知】" + DateDeal.getToday() + " 共报送" + totalLoadNum + "个批次，装载全部成功" + loadAllSuccNum + "个批次"; // 主题String body = "<pre>\n" +named + "，您好!\n" +"\n" +" 数据装载状态信息：\n" +" 装载中批次：" + loadMiddle + "。\n" +" 装载全部成功批次：" + LoadAllSucc + "。\n" +" 装载部分成功批次 ：" + partLoadSucc + "\n" +" 尚未装载批次：" + withoutLoad + "。\n" +"</pre>";EmailUtils emailUtils = EmailUtils.entity(smtpHost, sendUserName, sendUserPass, to, cc, subject, body, attachments);return emailUtils.send();// 发送！}}

7.2. 单元测试

package com.gblfy.email.util;import com.gblfy.email.modular.check.dto.Emailsubject;import org.junit.Test;public class EmailTest {@Testpublic void checkInformEmailNoticeTest() throws Exception {//测试模拟数据Emailsubject emailsubject = new Emailsubject();emailsubject.setSendEmail("xxx@");emailsubject.setProxyserverHost("192.168.xxx.xxx");emailsubject.setSendEmailPwd("");emailsubject.setReceiveEmail("xxx@");emailsubject.setCcEmail("xxx@,xxx@,xxx@,xxx@");String msg = EmailUtils.checkInformEmailNotice("运维人员", 5, 5, "001,002","0002", "004,00005 ", emailsubject.getProxyserverHost(),emailsubject.getSendEmail(), emailsubject.getSendEmailPwd(), emailsubject.getReceiveEmail(), emailsubject.getCcEmail(), null);System.out.println("msg" + msg);}@Testpublic void loadEmailNoticeTest() throws Exception {//测试模拟数据Emailsubject emailsubject = new Emailsubject();emailsubject.setSendEmail("xxx@");emailsubject.setProxyserverHost("192.168.xxx.xxx");emailsubject.setSendEmailPwd("");emailsubject.setReceiveEmail("xxx@");emailsubject.setCcEmail("xxx@,xxx@,xxx@,xxx@");String msg = EmailUtils.loadEmailNotice("运维人员", 5, 5, "001,002","003", "004,0005 ", "008", emailsubject.getProxyserverHost(),emailsubject.getSendEmail(), emailsubject.getSendEmailPwd(), emailsubject.getReceiveEmail(), emailsubject.getCcEmail(), null);System.out.println("msg" + msg);}}