MySQL读写分离中间件Atlas
一、读写分离工具
1.set global read_only=1;
(这是之前遇到过的一种读写方法 但是用了只读MHA就用不了了)
2.Atlas
Atlas 类似于lb代理
二、Atlas简介
Atlas是由 Qihoo 360, Web平台部基础架构团队开发维护的一个基于MySQL协议的数据中间层项目。
它是在mysql-proxy 0.8.2版本的基础上，修改了大量bug，添加了很多功能特性，对其进行了优化。
360内部使用Atlas运行的mysql业务，每天承载的读写请求数达几十亿条。
下载地址
/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases
注意：
1、Atlas只能安装运行在64位的系统上
2、Centos 5.X安装 Atlas-XX.el5.x86_64.rpm，Centos 6.X安装Atlas-XX.el6.x86_64.rpm。
3、后端mysql版本应大于5.1，建议使用Mysql 5.6以上
三、Atlas主要功能
1.读写分离
2.从库负载均衡
3.IP过滤
4.自动分表
5.DBA可平滑上下线DB
6.自动摘除宕机的DB
四、Atlas相对于官方MySQL-Proxy的优势
1.将主流程中所有Lua代码用C重写，Lua仅用于管理接口
2.重写网络模型、线程模型
3.实现了真正意义上的连接池
4.优化了锁机制，性能提高数十倍
五、Atlas安装与配置
官方提供的Atlas有两种：
1)Atlas (普通) : Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
2)Atlas (分表) : Atlas-sharding_1.0.1-el6.x86_64.rpm
这里我们只需要下载普通的即可。
安装Atlas
# 1.db04直接拖入下载好的包 rpm下载
[root@db04 ~]# rpm -ivh Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:Atlas-2.2.1-1 ################################# [100%]
不需要任何其他的操作 直接rpm
配置Atlas
# 1.进入Atlas工具目录
[root@db04 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy/
[root@db04 /usr/local/mysql-proxy]# ll
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 75 Dec 18 11:38 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 22 Dec 18 11:43 conf
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 331 Dec 18 11:38 lib
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Dec 17 log
# 2.生成密码 (配置文件里需要)
[root@db04 /usr/local/mysql-proxy]# cd bin
[root@db04 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# ll
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9696 Dec 17 encrypt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 23564 Dec 17 mysql-proxy
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1552 Dec 17 mysql-proxyd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6 Dec 17 VERSION
[root@db04 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin]# ./encrypt 123
3yb5jEku5h4=
这就是密码为123的配置密码 密码是什么就写什么 自动生成
# 3.修改配置
[root@db04 ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/f
#管理接口的用户名
admin-username = user
#管理接口的密码
admin-password = pwd
#Atlas监听的管理接口IP和端口
admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345
#Atlas后端连接的MySQL主库的IP和端口，可设置多项，用逗号分隔
proxy-backend-addresses = 10.0.0.52:3306 【我主库现在是52】
#Atlas后端连接的MySQL从库的IP和端口，@后面的数字代表权重，用来作负载均衡，若省略则默认为1，可设置多项，用逗号分隔
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 10.0.0.51:3306,10.0.0.53:3306,10.0.0.54:3306
#用户名与其对应的加密过的MySQL密码，密码使用PREFIX/bin目录下的加密程序encrypt加密，下行的user1和user2为示例，将其替换为你的MySQL的用户名和加密密码！
pwds = rep:3yb5jEku5h4=,mha:O2jBXONX098=
#设置Atlas的运行方式，设为true时为守护进程方式，设为false时为前台方式，一般开发调试时设为false，线上运行时设为true,true后面不能有空格。
daemon = true
#设置Atlas的运行方式，设为true时Atlas会启动两个进程，一个为monitor，一个为worker，monitor在worker意外退出后会自动将其重启，设为false时只有worker，没有monitor，一般开发调试时设为false，线上运行时设为true,true后面不能有空格。
keepalive = true
#工作线程数，对Atlas的性能有很大影响，可根据情况适当设置
event-threads = 8 【一般根据cpu核心数】
#日志级别，分为message、warning、critical、error、debug五个级别
log-level = error
#日志存放的路径
log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log
#SQL日志的开关，可设置为OFF、ON、REALTIME，OFF代表不记录SQL日志，ON代表记录SQL日志，REALTIME代表记录SQL日志且实时写入磁盘，默认为OFF
sql-log = ON
#慢日志输出设置。当设置了该参数时，则日志只输出执行时间超过sql-log-slow(单位：ms)的日志记录。不设置该参数则输出全部日志>。
sql-log-slow = 10
#实例名称，用于同一台机器上多个Atlas实例间的区分
instance = test 【一般根据项目名命名实例名称】
#Atlas监听的工作接口IP和端口
proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:3307
【按道理来说是3306 但是端口冲突了 临时改成3307 工作一般配3306 修改你mysql,主从,MHA等端口 】
【因为以后的程序都是连3306的】
#分表设置，此例中person为库名，mt为表名，id为分表字段，3为子表数量，可设置多项，以逗号分隔，若不分表则不需要设置该项
#tables = person.mt.id.3
#默认字符集，设置该项后客户端不再需要执行SET NAMES语句
charset = utf8
#允许连接Atlas的客户端的IP，可以是精确IP，也可以是IP段，以逗号分隔，若不设置该项则允许所有IP连接，否则只允许列表中的IP连>接
#client-ips = 127.0.0.1, 192.168.1
#Atlas前面挂接的LVS的物理网卡的IP(注意不是虚IP)，若有LVS且设置了client-ips则此项必须设置，否则可以不设置
#lvs-ips = 192.168.1.1
# 4.启动Atlas
[root@db04~]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test start
OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is started
# 5.修改项目名称
[root@db04 ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/f
instance = msy
# 6.启动Atlas
[root@db04 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# mv f f
[root@db04~]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd msy start
# 7.可以多实例配置
[root@db04 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# ll
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2819 Dec 18 15:18 f
[root@db04 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# cp f f
[root@db04 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# ll
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2819 Dec 18 15:32 f
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2819 Dec 18 15:18 f
[root@db04 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# vim f
#实例名称，用于同一台机器上多个Atlas实例间的区分
instance = msy
#Atlas监听的工作接口IP和端口
proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:3308
#Atlas监听的管理接口IP和端口
admin-address = 0.0.0.0:6666
[root@db04 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]#/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd msy start
OK: MySQL-Proxy of msy is started
# 8.查看端口
[root@db04 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2345 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3972/mysql-proxy
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6666 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4005/mysql-proxy
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3972/mysql-proxy
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3308 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4005/mysql-proxy
# 9.db01连接数据库
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -urep -p123 -h10.0.0.54 -P3307
mysql>
【用户名和密码是你在配置文件里加上的 就算root授权 配置里没加 就不能连】
Atlas管理操作
# 1.连接Atlas管理接口 用atlas管理用户登录
[root@db04 ~]# mysql -uuser -ppwd -h127.0.0.1 -P2345
# 2.查看可用命令帮助
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1105 (07000): use 'SELECT * FROM help' to see the supported commands
mysql> SELECT * FROM help;
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| command | description |
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| SELECT * FROM help | shows this help |
| SELECT * FROM backends | lists the backends and their state |
| SET OFFLINE $backend_id | offline backend server, $backend_id is backend_ndx's id |
| SET ONLINE $backend_id | online backend server, ... |
| ADD MASTER $backend | example: "add master 127.0.0.1:3306", ... |
| ADD SLAVE $backend | example: "add slave 127.0.0.1:3306", ... |
| REMOVE BACKEND $backend_id | example: "remove backend 1", ... |
| SELECT * FROM clients | lists the clients |
| ADD CLIENT $client | example: "add client 192.168.1.2", ... |
| REMOVE CLIENT $client | example: "remove client 192.168.1.2", ... |
| SELECT * FROM pwds | lists the pwds |
| ADD PWD $pwd | example: "add pwd user:raw_password", ... |
| ADD ENPWD $pwd | example: "add enpwd user:encrypted_password", ... |
| REMOVE PWD $pwd | example: "remove pwd user", ... |
| SAVE CONFIG | save the backends to config file |
| SELECT VERSION | display the version of Atlas |
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT * FROM help;
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| command | description |
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| SELECT * FROM help | 查看帮助 |
| SELECT * FROM backends | 查看后端的数据库 |
| SET OFFLINE $backend_id | 平滑下线DB，set offline 3; |
| SET ONLINE $backend_id | 平滑上线DB，set online 3; |
| ADD MASTER $backend | 添加主库，ADD MASTER 10.0.0.55:3306; |
| ADD SLAVE $backend | 添加从库，ADD SLAVE 10.0.0.54:3306 |
| REMOVE BACKEND $backend_id | 摘除后端数据库，REMOVE BACKEND 1; |
| SELECT * FROM clients | 查看可登录的客户端 |
| ADD CLIENT $client | 添加客户端， ADD CLIENT 192.168.1.1; |
| REMOVE CLIENT $client | 删除客户端， REMOVE CLIENT 192.168.1.1; |
| SELECT * FROM pwds | 查看用户名和密码 |
| ADD PWD $pwd | 添加用户和密码，ADD PWD root:123; 自动加密 |
| ADD ENPWD $pwd | 添加用户名和密码，ADD ENPWD zls:O2jBXONX098=; 手动加密 |
| SELECT VERSION | 查看版本号 |
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
# 查看后端的数据库
mysql> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| 1 | 10.0.0.52:3306 | up | rw |
| 2 | 10.0.0.51:3306 | up | ro |
| 3 | 10.0.0.53:3306 | up | ro |
| 4 | 10.0.0.54:3306 | up | ro |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
# 平滑下线DB
mysql> SET OFFLINE 3;
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
| 3 | 10.0.0.53:3306 | offline | ro |
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
mysql> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
| 1 | 10.0.0.52:3306 | up | rw |
| 2 | 10.0.0.51:3306 | up | ro |
| 3 | 10.0.0.53:3306 | offline | ro |
| 4 | 10.0.0.54:3306 | up | ro |
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
DB03:
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.0.0.52
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000008
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_File: db03-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 283
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000008
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
【主从还是好的 offline只是说Atlas不往db03上分配了】
# 平滑上线DB
mysql> SET ONLINE 3;
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
| 3 | 10.0.0.53:3306 | unknown | ro |
+-------------+----------------+---------+------+
mysql> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| 1 | 10.0.0.52:3306 | up | rw |
| 2 | 10.0.0.51:3306 | up | ro |
| 3 | 10.0.0.53:3306 | up | ro |
| 4 | 10.0.0.54:3306 | up | ro |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
# 添加主库
mysql> ADD MASTER 10.0.0.55:3306;
mysql> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| 1 | 10.0.0.52:3306 | up | rw |
| 2 | 10.0.0.55:3306 | up | rw |
| 3 | 10.0.0.53:3306 | up | ro |
| 4 | 10.0.0.54:3306 | up | ro |
| 5 | 10.0.0.51:3306 | up | ro |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
【查看配置文件 有没有加上这个主库】
mysql> system vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/f
proxy-backend-addresses = 10.0.0.52:3306
【让他在配置文件里添加上】
mysql> save config;
mysql> system vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/f
proxy-backend-addresses=10.0.0.52:3306,10.0.0.55:3306
# 添加客户端
mysql> ADD CLIENT 192.168.1.1;
mysql> save config;
mysql> system vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/f
client-ips = 127.0.0.1, 192.168.1,192.168.1.1
# 查看客户端
mysql> SELECT * FROM clients;
+-------------+
| client |
+-------------+
| 127.0.0.1 |
| 192.168.1 |
| 192.168.1.1 |
+-------------+
# 删除客户端
mysql> REMOVE CLIENT 192.168.1.1;
mysql> save config;
mysql> system vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/f
client-ips=127.0.0.1,192.168.1
mysql> SELECT * FROM clients;
+-----------+
| client |
+-----------+
| 127.0.0.1 |
| 192.168.1 |
+-----------+
# 查看用户名和密码
mysql> SELECT * FROM pwds;
+----------+--------------+
| username | password |
+----------+--------------+
| rep | 3yb5jEku5h4= |
| mha | O2jBXONX098= |
+----------+--------------+
# 添加用户和密码 自动加密
mysql> ADD PWD root:123;
mysql> SELECT * FROM pwds;
+----------+--------------+
| username | password |
+----------+--------------+
| rep | 3yb5jEku5h4= |
| mha | O2jBXONX098= |
| root | 3yb5jEku5h4= |
+----------+--------------+
# 手动加密
mysql> ADD ENPWD msy:O2jBXONX098=;
mysql> SELECT * FROM pwds;
+----------+--------------+
| username | password |
+----------+--------------+
| rep | 3yb5jEku5h4= |
| mha | O2jBXONX098= |
| root | 3yb5jEku5h4= |
| msy | O2jBXONX098= |
+----------+--------------+
# 删除用户
mysql> remove pwd root;
mysql> remove pwd msy;
mysql> SELECT * FROM pwds;
+----------+--------------+
| username | password |
+----------+--------------+
| rep | 3yb5jEku5h4= |
| mha | O2jBXONX098= |
+----------+--------------+
# 查看版本号
mysql> SELECT VERSION;
+---------+
| version |
+---------+
| 2.2.1 |
+---------+
生产环境
# 假设现主库52宕机 54被提升为主库
## 查看后端数据库 注意id 会变
mysql> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| 1 | 10.0.0.52:3306 | up | rw |
| 2 | 10.0.0.55:3306 | up | rw |
| 3 | 10.0.0.53:3306 | up | ro |
| 4 | 10.0.0.54:3306 | up | ro |
| 5 | 10.0.0.51:3306 | up | ro |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
## 52宕机 摘除52
mysql> REMOVE BACKEND 1;
mysql> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| 1 | 10.0.0.55:3306 | up | rw |
| 2 | 10.0.0.53:3306 | up | ro |
| 3 | 10.0.0.54:3306 | up | ro |
| 4 | 10.0.0.51:3306 | up | ro |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
mysql> save config;
proxy-backend-addresses=10.0.0.55:3306
## 54提生为主库 所以要把现在从库的54摘掉 52恢复到从库
mysql> remove backend 3;
mysql> add slave 10.0.0.52:3306;
mysql> save config;
mysql> system vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/f
## 添加主库54
mysql> add master 10.0.0.54:3306;
mysql> save config;
mysql> system vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/f
proxy-backend-addresses=10.0.0.55:3306,10.0.0.54:3306
mysql> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| 1 | 10.0.0.55:3306 | up | rw |
| 2 | 10.0.0.54:3306 | up | rw |
| 3 | 10.0.0.51:3306 | up | ro |
| 4 | 10.0.0.52:3306 | up | ro |
| 5 | 10.0.0.53:3306 | up | ro |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
生产用户要求
# 开发人员申请一个应用用户 app( select update insert) 密码123456,要通过10网段登录
1. 在主库中,创建用户
grant select ,update,insert on *.* to app@'10.0.0.%' identified by '123456';
2. 在atlas中添加生产用户
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/encrypt 123456 ---->制作加密密码
vim f
pwds = repl:3yb5jEku5h4=,mha:O2jBXONX098=,app:/iZxz+0GRoA=
3. 重启atlas
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test restart
[root@db03 conf]# mysql -uapp -p123456 -h 10.0.0.53 -P 33060
