一. 陈述句
用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法，可分为肯定句和否定句两种形式。
如：He went to the cinema the day before yesterday.
She isn’t a doctor.
二. 疑问句
1 一般疑问句：
指用yes或no来回答的句子。
如：Is your father a worker？
2 特殊疑问句：
其结构：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句语序。但是，如果疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语的定语，就用特殊疑问词＋陈述句语序。常用的疑问词有：what, who(whom), whose ,which ,when ,where ,how ,why等，回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答，不用yes或no来回答。
如：Who is speaking outside？
Where did you go yesterday？
3 选择疑问句：
指提问者提供两种或两种以上情况,让对方从中作出选择的句子。它的基本结构是：一般疑问句＋or＋一般疑问句（后一部分与前一部分相同的成分常常省略）。回答时，不用yes或no回答，而是选择其中一种回答。
如：Which one do you like，this one or that one？
4 反意疑问句：
1.反意疑问句的基本结构
(1) 肯定陈述句 + 简略否定问句
如：It’s really sunny , isn’t it?天气真好，不是吗？
【例1】Yoga（瑜伽）helps people keep healthy and relaxed,_____ ?
A. does it B. doesn’t it C. is it D. isn’t it
答案B
(2) 否定陈述句 + 简略肯定问句
如：He doesn’t need to work so late, does he ?他不必工作到那么晚，不是吗？
注意：有时候前面的陈述部分看似陈述形式，但其中含有hardly , nobody , nothing , never , none 等表示否定意义的词，此时要把陈部分看成否定，其后的附加疑问句要用肯定形式。
如：Peter hardly had time , did he?彼得几乎没时间，对吗？
There is little meat on the plate , is there?盘子里几乎没有肉，是吗？
(3) 祈使句的反意疑问句
Let’s 开头的，疑问部分用shall we? 其他开头的用will you?
如： Let’s …, shall we ? 让我们……，好吗？
Don’t plan on driving…,will you？别计划驾驶方面的事，好吗？
【例2】You’ve just finished your listening exam . Please get yourself ready for the next part, _____ ?
A. shall we B. will you C. do you D. are you
答案B
2. 反意疑问句中要注意的问题
(1)反意疑问句的前后两部分在时态、人称和单复数上都要保持一致。
如：She listens to the radio, doesn’t she?她听收音机，不是吗？
(2)陈述部分是I am …疑问部分要用aren’t I?
I’m as tall as your sister, aren’t I?我和你妹妹一样高，不是吗？
(3)主句主语是第一人称，谓语think ,believe , expect , suppose 等后接宾语从句时，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。如：
I don’t think he is bright, is he?我认为他不聪明，是吗？
We believe she can do it hetter, can’t she?我们相信她能干得更好，是吗？
(4) 在回答反意疑问句时，要根据实际情况来回答。如果事实是肯定的，就用yes + 肯定结构，翻译成汉语时，yes 则译为“不”；反之亦然。如：
You aren’t from America, are you?你不是从美国来的，对吗？
Yes, I am.不，我是从美国来的。
No, I’m not.是的，我不是从美国来的。
【例3】—Mr.Wang’s never been to Canada, has he?
—_____. He went there on business last week.
A. No, he hasn’tB. Yes, he has
C. No, he has D. Yes, he hasn’t
答案B
三. 祈使句
表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子叫祈使句，主语you通常省略。
1 肯定形式：一般以动词原形开头。
Open the door, please.
2 否定形式：在句首谓语动词前加Don 。
Don be late for class.
3. Lets 开头的感叹句，表邀请。
Lets play basketball.
四. 感叹句
1）一般用感叹词how或what引导，how修饰形容词或副词，what修饰名词。
2）how引导的感叹句的基本结构是：
How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！（主谓可省略）
如：How beautiful the park is!
3）What引导的感叹句，其基本结构是：
①What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词（单数）＋主语＋谓语!（主谓可省略）
如：What a nice girl (she is)!
②What＋形容词＋可数名词复数（或不可数名词）＋主语＋谓语！
如：What beautiful flowers they are!
注意：What感叹不可数名词时，名词前面不能加不定冠词a/an。
如：What good news it is!
类似的：What bad weather!
What hard work!
What delicious food!
4）疑问句也可表感叹。如：Isn’t it funny？
5）注意：注意两种句型的转换。
如：What fine weather it is!=How fine the weather is!
实战演练
( )1. You came here to have a meeting on time, ______.
A. didn’t you B. did you
C. don’t you D. do you
( )2. —Let’s go to the zoo, ______?
—OK, let’s go.
A. do you B.don’t you
C. will you D. shall we
( )3. Don’t smoke in the meeting –room,?
A. do you B. will you
C. can youD. could you
( )4.—Lucy didn’t come to school yesterday, did she?
— , though she was not feeling well.
A. No, she didn’tB. No, she did
C. Yes, she didn’tD. Yes, she did
( )5. There is little milk in the bottle,?
A. isn’t it B. is it
C. isn’t there D. is there
( )6. He has few friends in the new school, ?
A. has he B. is he
C. doesn’t he D. does he
( )7. Kate’s never seen Chinese film,?
A. hasn’t she B. has she
C. isn’t she D. is she
( )8.—Alice had nothing for breakfast this morning, ?
—No. She got up too late.
A.had she B. hadn’t she
C.did she D. didn’t she
( )9.The tall man over there is our new English teacher, ________?
A. is he B. is there
C. isn’t he D. isn’t there
( )10. Tom , clean your room , ?
A. will youB. shall we
C. don’t you D. doesn’t he
( )11.—He’s already back to Australia, _______?
—_______. He’s on a visit to Shanghai.
A. isn’t he; NoB. hasn’t he; Yes
C. isn’t he; YesD. hasn’t he; No
( )12. He hardly hurt himself in the accident, _____?
A. doesn’t he B. didn’t he
C. did he D. does he
( )13. long the bridge is! Let me drive you over it.
A. What B. What a
C. How D. How a
( )14. important job it is!
A. What aB. What an
C. How D. What
( )15. information he offered us! We all thank him.
A. What usefulB. What useless
C. How usefulD. How useless
( )16. _________happily the children are flying kites!
A. What B. What a
C. How D. How a
( )17. You can’t imagine _____ when the pupils received these nice presents on Chrismas Day.
A. how they were excited
B.how excited they were
C. how excited were they
D. they were how excited
参考答案：1-5 ADBDD 6-10 CBCCA
11-17 ACCBACB
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