We mainly talk about the identification tips of imperial porcelain in the late heyday of Ru kiln:
The identification of Ru kiln must first make clear the history of Ru kiln. Ru Kiln, recorded in historical materials, "This dynasty used Dingzhou white porcelain as its awn, which was not suitable for use, so it ordered Ruzhou to make green kilns. Therefore, Hebei Tang Deng Yaozhou had them, and Ru Kiln was the chief." At the beginning of the song dynasty, there was no ru kiln. according to historical records, the treasury in the beginning of the song dynasty collected porcelain from five major kilns, "Ming yue Rao dingqing". The early Ru kiln, like Yaozhou kiln, belonged to the tribute kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the burnt porcelain was brought to the court. Therefore, the Ru kiln is divided into early, middle and late phases. The characteristics of Ru kilns in different periods are different.
我们主要讲一讲汝窑晚期全盛时代御用瓷器的鉴定要诀：
汝窑鉴定首先得搞清楚汝窑历史。汝窑，史料记载，“本朝以定州白瓷有芒，不堪用，遂命汝州造青窑器，故河北唐邓耀州皆有之，汝窑为魁”。宋初，尚未出现汝窑，史料记载，宋初国库里收藏的是“明越饶定青”五大窑瓷器。早期汝窑和耀州窑一样，属于北宋贡窑，烧造好的瓷器进贡到宫廷之中。所以，汝窑分为早中晚三期。不同时期的汝窑其特征有所不同。
First, Ru kiln belongs to stoneware, with low firing temperature and bad magnetization. The knock sounds like a peck of wood, and there will never be a clear echo of later porcelain. In other words, Ru kiln is not a real porcelain and cannot be appreciated according to the porcelain appraisal standard.
第一，汝窑属于炻器，烧制温度不高，磁化程度不好。敲击起来声音宛如啄木，绝不会出现后世瓷器那种清越的回音。换句话说，汝窑还不是真正的瓷器，不能按照瓷器鉴定标准来鉴赏。
Second, Ru kiln porcelain fetal bone is a local specialty porcelain clay containing extremely high aluminum oxide, and also contains a large amount of iron, which cannot be washed clean. Therefore, the rib of your kiln seems to be made of copper with some copper color through the glaze. The ancients did not understand, so-called bronze bones of you. In fact, the essence is not copper, but the color of iron oxide.
第二，汝窑瓷胎骨为当地特产的含三氧化二铝极高的瓷土，又含有大量的铁成分，无法淘洗干净。所以汝窑胎骨隔着釉看好像是铜做的，带点紫铜色。古人不懂，号称铜骨之汝。其实本质不是含铜，而是氧化铁的颜色。
Third, the ancient Ruyao people identified that those with crab claws and tiny Zhi Ding with sesame flowers were true. Crab claw pattern is a kind of pattern that appears faintly in glaze, also known as chicken claw pattern. There is only one isolated case of Ru kiln porcelain without grain handed down from ancient times, which is collected in Taipei Palace Museum. At present, whether it is a Qing Dynasty imitation remains to be studied. Sesame flower Zhi Ding is very image, your kiln Zhi Ding must be very small, even less than a grain of sesame. It is also shaped like a sesame seed. The newly imitated kiln furniture does not pay attention to ancient porcelain, and sesame Zhi Ding is generally larger.
第三，汝窑古人鉴定，有蟹爪纹，下有芝麻花细小支钉者真。蟹爪纹是一种隐隐出现在釉里的纹路，又有称为鸡爪纹的。传世汝窑瓷器无纹者只有一件孤例，收藏于台北故宫。目前看来是否是清代仿品有待研究。芝麻花支钉则非常形象，汝窑支钉一定很细小，甚至不如一粒芝麻大。形状也像一粒芝麻。新仿的对于窑具没有古瓷讲究，芝麻支钉一般都比较大。
Fourth, the Ru kiln model should be based on the standard ones handed down from ancient times and unearthed. Some new imitators are made in the shape of forgeries, which are worn by Zhang Guanli and pass through the times. It must be carefully distinguished. Memorizing all unearthed and handed down Ru kiln ware types is one of the keys to identify Ru kiln porcelain.
第四，汝窑器型应该以传世和出土标准器为准，有些新仿器臆造器型，张冠李戴，穿越时代。不可不细辨之。熟记所有出土和传世汝窑器型是鉴定汝窑瓷器的关键之一。
Fifth, there are very few characters on Ru kiln porcelain. In general, only Fenghua, Cai and other funds are available, which are carved after the Song Dynasty. Many of the new imitation Ru kilns are inscribed with poems written by Emperor Ganlong or simply inscribed with the names of Zhenghe, Xuanhe and Song Huizong. Don"t you know that Song Huizong or nobody called him that when he died, only future generations (after Yuan and Ming Dynasties) dared to boldly mention Song Huizong and posthumous title? These are all fake fakes.
第五，汝窑瓷器上绝少文字款识。一般只有奉华，蔡等款，属于两宋时期后刻款。新仿汝窑器，很多都题上乾隆御制诗或者干脆写上政和，宣和年号或者宋徽宗御提等款识。岂不知宋徽宗或者的时候没人这么称呼，死后也只有后代(元明以后)才敢大胆的提及宋徽宗谥号，这些都是一眼假的赝品。
Sixthly, the specific features of Ru kiln porcelain, such as curled legs, thin and light wares, are the key points of identification. The new imitations of Ru kiln porcelain are generally heavier and thicker because they cannot be used in real objects, while the real ones are often lighter and lighter. In addition, the skeleton of the baby has been buried for many years, and the authenticity can be basically distinguished once it is used.
第六，汝窑瓷器特定的器型特点，如圈足外撇，器物轻薄等，都是鉴定的要点。汝窑瓷器新仿品由于不能上手实物，一般比较重比较厚，而真品往往比较轻薄，再加上入土多年胎骨干透了，一上手基本就能分清真伪。
